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Al-Shabanah, O. A.
- A Comparitive Study on the In Vitro Hepatic Metabolism of Retinoic Acid using Different Species
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1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451., SA
1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451., SA
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Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 72, No 4 (2004), Pagination: 265-274Abstract
All trans retinoic acid (RA), derived from the oxidative metabolism of dietary retinol (vitamin A) and β carotene, contributes to the growth and differentiation of mammalian epithelial tissues. RA is rapidly cleared from the plasma and suddenly metabolized in tissues. The increase of its biological potency through inhibition of its oxidative metabolism is consistent with this. This research is part of a study to develop novel compounds as inhibitors of retinoic acid metabolism that could have potential value as anticancer agent. The investigation was done to compare the in vitro metabolism of [3H]RA by hepatic microsomes from several common laboratory animal species. Also, the ability of ketaconazole to inhibit RA metabolism was examined. The species studied were male rat, male New Zealand white rabbit, male albino mouse, male Syrian hamster, male Dunkin hartley guinea pig and male nude mouse. The results revealed that km and Vmax were species dependent. Among the animals, rat liver appeared to be the most active in metabolizing RA. Inhibition of RA metbolism by ketoconazole (100μM) was very similar in the hepatic microsomes of all the species examine. Overall the results indicate that male rat hepatic microsomes represent a useful enzyme source for screening novel compounds as inhibitors of RA metabolism.Keywords
Retinoic Acid Metabolism; Different Species.
References
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- Thermoregulatory and In-vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vigabatrin in Rat and Mice
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1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University. P O Box 2457. Riyadh 11451, SA
1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University. P O Box 2457. Riyadh 11451, SA
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 68, No 4 (2000), Pagination: 379-388Abstract
Effects of acute administration of vigabatrin (VGB) that has significant GABA-mimetic properties were studied for its antiinflammatory, antigranuloma effects in rats and thermoregulatory actions in mice. Treatment of rats with VGB (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p doses) caused a significant and persistent inhibition in the carrageenan induced paw edema. Inhibitory effect at high dose (500 mg/kg, which was about 10-fold of the maximal effective dose 50 mg/kg in humans) was 40-, 41- and 39% of the control at 2-, 3- and 4 hours after the treatment. In cotton-pellet-granuloma study, only the high dose was significantly (P<0.05) effective and inhibition in granuloma was 17 and 28% of the control at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively. In another model, leukocyte migration to the inflamed peritoneal cavity was used as a parameter in rats. In this model, VGB (500 mg/kg, i.p) induced a significant (P<0.05) reduction in leukocyte migration to the inflamed peritoneal cavity when administered 30 min before carrageenan This was comparable to indomethacin (10 mg/kg) that also caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in leukocyte migration. The inhibition in the leukocyte migration was 66 and 61% with VGB and indomethacin, respectively. In thermoregulation studies, the rectal temperature of normothermic mice declined dose dependently. In another part of this study all the doses of VGB induced a significant reduction in body temperature at 45 min following drug administration in yeast-induced hyperpyrexic mice. The hypothermic response diminished after 90 min, 3 hours and 6 hours of treatment at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg doses respectively and none of the dose showed any change in rectal temperature at 24-hour study point.
The results of the present study indicate that vigabatrin has the potential to induce anti-edema, antigranuloma and leukocyte anti-migratory effects in inflamed peritoneal cavity and reduce the rectal temperature in normothermic as well as hyperthermia-induced mice with acute regimen. These effects are thought to be the result of GABA accumulation, its interaction with PG biosynthesis and other neuromediators.
Keywords
Vigabatrin, inflammation, thermoregulation, granuloma, leukocyte migrationReferences
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- Effect of Prolonged Vigabatrin Treatment on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Plasma, Liver and Kidney of Swiss Albino Mice
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P O Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, SA
1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P O Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, SA
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 70, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 135-145Abstract
We have evaluated vigabatrin (γ-vinyl γ-aminobutyric acid), an irreversible inhibitor of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-transaminase responsible for GABA degradation, for its effects on food consumption, body weight changes, fluid intake, changes in hematological and biochemical parameters in plasma liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice. Mice received vigabatrin 0.26% wlv chronically in drinking water for 7, 14 and 21 days. Changes in all the parameters were recorded after 7, 14 and 21 days respectively in different groups. Food consumption was comparable to the control group with minor fluctuations. The body weight declined significantly but only after 3-week treatment with no appreciable change in organ indices or relative organ indices. There were essentially no adverse effects on hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, HGB, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and basophils) with this treatment. However, there was a decrease in monocyte counts during the first week and an increase in the neutrophil counts during the third week of vigabatrin treatment. In one part plasma biochemical parameters like AST, ALT, CK-MB, creatinine, glucose and urea were also assessed with the same dose regimen. It was observed that only CK-MB and GPT activity levels were altered slightly significantly and are thought to be a result of cross enzyme inhibitions. In this experiment it was observed that lipid peroxide levels measured, as malondialdehyde did not change appreciably in both liver and kidney tissues. However, the levels of glutathione (non-protein sulfhydryl; GSH) declined significantly in comparison to control in liver and kidney. A comparison of level of GSH in liver and kidney shows that this depletion was at early time points in the former. The depletion of GSH suggests the possible involvement of GSH in detoxification process and corroborates its role in protection.Keywords
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