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- Gerhard Buchbauer
- Zapriana Denkova
- Albena Stoyanova
- Ivan Murgov
- Erich Schmidt
- Margit Geissler
- Andrea Wobus
- Mohamed P. Shafi
- Beena Jose
- Anastasia Balinova
- Christiane Puschmann
- Wilhelm Fleischhacker
- P. Mohamed Shafi
- M. K. Rosamma
- Stoyan Metodiev
- Vijay K. Kaul
- Martin B. Ngassoum
- Jean J. Essia-Ngang
- Leopold N. Tatsadjieu
- Ousman Adjoudji
- Stefanie Bail
- Alexander Slavchev
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Jirovetz, Leopold
- Antimicrobial Testings and Gas Chromatoaraphic Analysis of Pure Oxygenated Monoterpenes 1.8-Cineole, α-Terpineol, Terpinen-4-ol and Camphor as Well as Target Compounds in Essential Oils of Pine (Pinus pinaster), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Tea
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Authors
Leopold Jirovetz
1,
Gerhard Buchbauer
1,
Zapriana Denkova
2,
Albena Stoyanova
2,
Ivan Murgov
2,
Erich Schmidt
3,
Margit Geissler
4
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
3 Kur Ktitzing GmbH, Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, DE
4 SHIMADZU Germany, Department of GC and GC/MS, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, D-47269 Duisburg, DE
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
3 Kur Ktitzing GmbH, Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, DE
4 SHIMADZU Germany, Department of GC and GC/MS, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, D-47269 Duisburg, DE
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 73, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 27-38Abstract
The oxygenated monoterpenes 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol and camphor as well as essential oils of pine, rosemary and tea tree, rich in these volatiles, were tested for their antimicrobial activities against some different strains of yeast, Gram-(-)- and Gram-(+)-bacteria by agar diffusion and agar dilution method, respectively. The same was done using the phenolic aroma compound eugenol as a reference-substance. The monoterpene alcohols α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol were found to be active against all strains used in a wide range. The same result was obtained for the testings of essential oils of pine, rosemary (2 samples) and tea tree. Nearly all aroma chemicals and essential oils did show a significant high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For qualitative and quantitaive investigations of the key aroma compounds and the compositions of the essential oils, gas chromatographic methods (GC-FID and GCMS with columns of different polarities) were used and the results correlated with that of the antimicrobial testings. The obtained data are discussed to get more insight into the influence of pure aroma compounds on antimicrobial activities of essential oils.Keywords
Essential Pine Oil, Essential Rosemary Oils, Essential Tea Tree Oil, Oxygenated Monoterpenes, Antimicrobial Testing, GCReferences
- Jirovetz, L., 34th International Symposium on Essential Oils, September 10th, 2003, Lecture 18, Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Stoyanova, A., Denkova, Z., Murgov, I., EURO COSMETICS 12 (1), 30-33 (2004).
- Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Stoyanova, A., Denkova, Z., Murgov, I., Ernaehrung/Nutrition 28 (6), 257-260 (2004).
- Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Stoyanova, A., Denkova, Z., Murgov, I., Schmidt, E., Geissler, M., J. Essent. Oil-Bearing Plants, in press (2004).
- Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Stoyanova, A., Denkova, Z., Murgov, I., Schmidt, E., Geissler, M., III International Symposium Breeding Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ISMAP), July 5-8, 2004, Poster 136, Campinas, Brasil.
- Schmidt, E., Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Stoyanova, A., Denkova, Z., Murgov, I., Geissler, M., 35th International Symposium on Essential Oils, September 8-10, 2004, Poster 76, Messina, Italy.
- Bauer, K., Garbe, D., Surburg, H. Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials, 3rd Ed., VCH, Weinheim (1997).
- Connolly, J.D., Hill, R.A., Dictionary of Terpenoids, Vol. 1: Mono- and Sesquiterpenoids, Chapman & Hall, London (1991).
- Finnemore, H., The Essential Oils, Ernest Benn Ltd., London (1927).
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- Baer, B., Analytik und Mikrobiologie des atherischen Ols verschiedener Kamillenarten, Thesis, Freie Universitat Berlin (1995).
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- Boesel, R., Pharmakologische, phytochemische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen von Quecken wurzelstock Rhizoma Graminis (Erg. -B. 6) (Agropyron repens (L.) PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS, Poaceae), Thesis, Freie Universitaet Berlin (1991).
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- Hood, J .R., Wilkinson, J.M., Cavangh, M.A., J.Essent.Oil.Res. 15, 428-433 (2003).
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- Janssen, A.M., Scheffer, J.J.C., Baerheim Svendsen, A., Planta Med. 1987, 395-398.
- Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Stoyanova, A.S., Georgiev, E.V., Damianova, St.T., J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 3854-3857 (2003).
- Johnson, T.R., Case, Ch.L., Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology - Brief Edition, 3rd Ed., 153-155, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., Redwood City (1992).
- Lis-Balchin, M., Deans, A., Eaglesham, E., Flavour Fragr.J. 13, 98-104 (1998).
- Neunaber, E., Phytochemische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen von Propolis verschiedener Provenienz als Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Wirkprinzipien in Propolis, Thesis, Freie Universitat Berlin (1995).
- Paukova, T., Stoichev, I., Shabanova, R., Higher Institute of Flavor and Fragrance Industries, Plovdiv, Scientific works 20, No. 3, 305-314 (1973).
- Stendel, H., Seifen-Ole-Fette-Wachse 97, 736-738 (1971).
- Zaika, L., J.Food Safety 9, 97-118 (1988).
- Arctander, St., Perfume and Flavor Chemicals, Vol. I, II & III, Arctander Publication, Montclair (1969).
- Fazzalari, F.A., Compilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (1978).
- Bauer, K., Garbe, D., Surburg, H., Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials, 3rd Ed., VCH, Weinheim (1997).
- Furia, T.E., Bellanca, N. (Eds.), Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, 2nd Edition, Vol. I & II, CRC Press, Cleveland (1975).
- Sigma-Aldrich, Flavors & Fragrances, The Essence of Excellence, Sigma-Aldrich Co., Milwaukee (2003).
- Medicinal used Plants from India: Analysis of the Essential Oil of Air-Dried Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Department of Chemistry, Calicut University, Kerala 673 635, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Department of Chemistry, Calicut University, Kerala 673 635, IN
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 72, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 87-96Abstract
The essential oil of the air-dried plant Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae) from Southern lndia was investigated by gas chromatographic-spectroscopic (GC-FID and GC-MS) and olfactoric methods to identify compounds responsible for the characteristic odor as well as partly for the folk medicinal use of this plant. Especially benzene derivatives, such as 1,4-dimethoxy benzene (24.9%), 1,2-dimethoxy benzene (10.6%) and 2-methoxy-4-methyl phenol (3.5%), the monoterpenes (Z)-linalool oxide (8.1%), (E)-linalool oxide (5.2%) and linalyl acetate (3.4%) as well as 1-octen-3-ol (9.5%) and isophorone (3.1%) were found to be main constituents (concentrations higher than 3%, calculated as relative %-peak area of GC-FID analysis using an apolar column) of this essential oil, with totally 69 compounds identified. In addition, the odor impression of the sample is described and the possible biological activity of single volatiles discussed.Keywords
Biophytum Sensitivum (L.) DC.; Oxalidaceae; Essential Oil; Air-Dried Plant; Indian Folk Medicine.References
- Heywood V H, editor. Biophytum sensitivum. In: Bluetenpflanzen der Welt. Basel:Birkhaeuser-Verlag, 1982:209.
- Neuwinger H D, editor. Biophytum sensitivum. In: African Traditional Medicine. Stuttgart:medpharm Scientific Publishers, 2000:69.
- Parrotta J A, editor. Biophytum sensitivum. In: Healing Plants of Peninsular India. New York:CABI Publishing, 2001:557.
- Bucar F, Jachak S M, Kartnig T, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Phenolic compounds from Biophytum sensitivum. Pharmazie 1998;53:6513.
- Bucar F, Jachak S M, Noreen Y, Kartnig T, Perera P, Bohlin L, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Amentoflavone from Biophytum sensitivum and its Effect on COX-1/COX-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. Planta Med. 1998;64:373-4.
- Jachak S M, Bucar F, Kartnig T. Antiinflammatory activity of extracts of Biophytum sensitivum in carrageenin-induced rat paw oedema. Phytother. Res. 1999;13:73-4.
- Lin Y L, Wang W Y. Chemical constituents of Biophytum sensitivum. Chinese Pharm. J. 2003;55:71-5.
- Paul S, Bhowmik G, Baruah P, Roy M K. A novel report on non-legume module system in Biophytum sensitivum. J. Assam Sci. Soc. 1995;37:185-7.
- Puri D, Baral N. Hypoclycemic effect of Biophytum sensitivum in the alloxan diabetic rabbits. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1998;42:401-6.
- Puri D. The insulintropic activity of a Nepalese medicinal plant Biophytum sensitivum: preliminary experimental study. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001;78:89-93.
- Ravishankara M N, Pillai A D, Padh H, Rajani M. A sensitive HPTLC method for estimation of amentoflavone, a bioactive principle from Biophytum sensitivum (Linn.) DC. and Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. J. Planar Chromatogr. 2003;16:201-5.
- Arctander S, editor. Perfume and Flavor Chemicals. Montclair:Published by the author, 1969.
- Bauer K, Garbe D., Surburg, H. Common Fragrance and Flavor Material. Weinheim:VCH-Ver1agsges.m. b. H., 1997.
- Fazzalari F A. Compilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data. Philade1phia:American Society for Testing and Materials, Data Series 48d, 1978.
- Furia T E, Bellanca N, editors. Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavour Ingredients. Cleveland:CRC Press, 1975.
- Sigma-Aldrich. Flavors & Fragrances, The Essence of Excellence. Milwaukee:Sigma-Aldrich Co., 2001.
- Buchbauer G, Jager W, Jirovetz L, llmberger J, Dietrich H. Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils and Fragrances. In: Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants, ACS-Symposium-Series 525, 159-65. Washington:American Chemical Society, 1993.
- Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, Jager W, Plank C, Dietrich H. Fragrance Compounds and Essential Oils with Sedative Effects upon Inhalation. J. Pharm. Sci. 1993;82:660-4.
- Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L. Aromatherapy - Use of Fragrances and Essential Oils as Medicaments. Flavour Fragr. J. 1994;9:217-22.
- Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Fleischhacker W, Ngassoum M B, Yonkeu S. Analysis of the Essential Oil of Stems and Leaves of Diplolophium africanum Turcz. from Cameroon. Acta Pharm. Turcica 1998;40:185-8.
- Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Fleischhacker W. Analysis of the Essential Oil of the Leaves of the Medicinal Plant Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum (L.) A. Gray from India. Sci. Pharm. 2000;68:123-8.
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- Jirovetz L. Private retention-time listings.
- Kondjoyan N, Berdaque J L. A Compilation of Relative Retention Indices for the Analysis of Aromatic Compounds. Saint Genes Champanelle:Edition du Laboratoire Flaveur, 1996.
- Adams R P. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Carol Stream:Allured Publishing Corp., 2001.
- Cornu A, Massot R. Compilation of Mass Spectral Data, Vol. 1-2. London:Heyden & Sons, 1975.
- Jirovetz L. Private mass spectra libraries.
- Joulain D, Konig W A. The Atlas of Spectral Data of Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons. Hamburg: E.B.-Verlag, 1998.
- McLafferty F W, Staufer D B. The Wiley NBS Registry of Mass Spectral Data, Vol. II. New York: John Wiley, 1989.
- Pfleger K, Maurer H H, Weber A. Mass Spectral and GC Data of Drugs, Poisons, Pesticides, Pollutants and Their Metabolites. Weinheim:WILEY-VCH, 2000.
- Stenhagen El Abrahamsson S, McLafferty F W. Registry of Mass Spectral Data, Vol. 1-4. New York:John Wiley, 1974.
- Analysis, Chemotype and Quality Control of the Essential Oil of a New Cultivated Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Plant from Bulgaria
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Higher Institute of Flavour Industries (HIFFI), Department of Essential Oils Maritza 26, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Higher Institute of Flavour Industries (HIFFI), Department of Essential Oils Maritza 26, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 69, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 85-89Abstract
The essential oil of the spice plant Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) from Bulgaria was investigated using gas chromatographic-spectroscopic (GC/FID and GC/MS: polar, non-polar and chiral phases of GC columns) and olfactoric methods. As main compounds of this basil oil sample (R)-(-)-linalool (71.4%), (Z,E)-α-farnesene (6.5%), 1,8-cineole (5.6%), τ-cadinol (2.8%), germacrene D (1.7%), citronellol (1.2%) and bornyl acetate (1.1%) were identified. Ths results show, that the essential basil oil from Bulgaria belongs to the European linalool chemotype. The correlations of olfactoric data (qualitative and quantitative) with the presented analytical ones certificate the good quality of this Bulgarian Ocimum basilicum sample. A possible use of this essential basil oil in medicine, perfumery and foods is discussed.Keywords
Ocimum basilicum L.; Essential Oil; Volatiles; Composition; Chemotype; Quality Control; Possible UseReferences
- Marotti, M., Piccaglia, R., Giovanelli, E., J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 3926-3929 (1996).
- Hiltunen, R., Holm, Y., Basil - The Genus Ocimum; harwood academic publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1999).
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- BACIS, Volatile Compounds in Food (VCF)-Database, Boelens Aroma Chemical Information Service, Zeist, The Netherlands (1999).
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- Fazzalari, F.A., Compilation of Odor and Taste Treshold Values Data, ASTM Data Series DS 48A, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., USA (1978).
- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Flav. Fragr. J. 9, 217-222 (1994).
- Lis-Balchin, M., Deans, St.G., Eaglesham, E., Flav. Fragr. J 13, 98-104 (1998).
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- Kondjoyan, N., Berdaque, J.-L., A Compilation of Relative Retention Indices for the Analysis of Aromatic Compounds, Edition du Laboratoire Flaveur, Saint Genes Champanelle, France (1996).
- Tudor, E., J. Chromatogr. A 779, 287-297 (1997).
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- Schrnaus, G., Thesis, University of Wiirzburg, Germany (1988).
- Analysis of the Essential Oil of the Aerial Parts of the Medicinal Plant Aristolochia indica Linn. (Aristolochiaceae) from South-India
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Authors
Leopold Jirovetz
1,
Gerhard Buchbauer
1,
Christiane Puschmann
1,
Wilhelm Fleischhacker
1,
P. Mohamed Shafi
2,
M. K. Rosamma
2
Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Department of Chemistry, Calicut University, Kerala 673 635, IN
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Department of Chemistry, Calicut University, Kerala 673 635, IN
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 68, No 3 (2000), Pagination: 309-316Abstract
The essential oil of the aerial parts of Aristolochia indica Linn. (Anstolochiaceae) from South-India was analyzed by gas chromatographic-spectroscopic (GC-FID and GC-MS) and olfactoric methods to identify those compounds responsible for the characteristic odor as well as partly for the folk medicinal use of this plant. Especially sesqui - and monoterpenes were found to be dominating constituents of this essential oil, such as: β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, ishwarone, caryophyllene oxide I, ishwarol, ishwarane and aristolochene as well as linalool and α-terpinolene. The odor impression of the sample is described and the possible biological activity of some single volatiles shortly discussed.Keywords
Aristolochia indica Linn., Anstolochiaceae, Essential Oil, Aerial Parts, Odor, Indian Folk Medicine.References
- Che, Ch.-T., Ahmed, M.S., Kang, S.S., Waller, D.P., Bingel, A.S., Martin, A., Pathmanayaki, R., Bunyapraphatsara, N., Lankin, D.C., Cordell, G.A., Soejarto, D.D., Wijesekera, R.O.B. and Fong, H.H.S. (1984). J. Nat. Prod. 47: 331-341.
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- Harborne, J.B. and Tomas-Barberan, F. A. (eds.). (1991). Ecological Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Terpenoids, 406-409, Clarendon-Press, Oxford.
- Jennings, W. and Shibamoto, T. (1980). Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography, Academic Press, New York.
- Joulain, D. and Konig, W. A. (1998). The Atlas of Spectral Data of Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons, E.B.-Verlag, Hamburg.
- Kaufmann, P.B., Cseke, L.J., Warber, S., Duke, J.A. and Brielmann, H.L. (1999). Natural Products fiom Plants, 187-200, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- Kondjoyan, N. and Berdaque, J.-L. (1996). A Compilation of Relative Retention Indices for the Analysis of Aromatic Compounds, Edition du Laboratoire Flaveur, Saint Genes Champanelle.
- Kubo, I., Muroi, H. and Himejima, M. (1992). J. Agric. Food Chem. 40: 245-248.
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- Private retention time library.
- Private Mass spectra libraries.
- Schrnaus, G. (1988). Thesis, University of Wiirzburg, Germany.
- Stenhagen, E., Abraharnsson, S. and McLafferty, F.W. (1974). Registry of Mass Spectral Data, Vol. 1-4, John Wiley, New York.
- Seasonal Depending Variations of the Composition and Biological Activities of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Essential Oils from Bulgaria
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Higher Institute of Food and Flavour Industries, Department of Essential Oils, Maritza 26, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Higher Institute of Food and Flavour Industries, Department of Essential Oils, Maritza 26, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 68, No 3 (2000), Pagination: 323-328Abstract
The seasonal depending variations of the essential oils of the needles with twigs of Bulgarian Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinaceae) were analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS and olfactoric evaluation. In totally 8 investigated essential P. menziesii oils about 60 compounds could be identified with monoterpenes (especially sabinene and β-pinene) as main constituents. The antimicrobial effects against bacteria, fungi and worms of these volatiles as well as their olfactoric properties will be discussed.Keywords
Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinaceae, Essential Oil of the Needles With Twigs, GC-FID, GC-MS, Antimicrobial Activity.References
- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Wasicky, M., Nikiforov, A. (1994), J.Agric. Food Chem. 42: 2852.
- Chalchat, J.C., Gany, R.Ph., Bastide, P., Fabre, F., Malhuret, R. (1991), Plant. Med. Phytother. 25: 184.
- Stojanova, A., Metodiev, S., Karova, E., Posterpresentation (no. MM67) at the First Balcan Conference of Microbiology, Microbiologia Balkanica 99), Plovdiv (Bulgaria), October 5-9, 1999.
- Zaika, L. (1988), Food Safety 9: 97.
- Yonov, N. (1992), Sci. Woods 4: 69.
- Davies, N. W. (1990), J.Chromatogr. 503: 1.
- Jennings, W., Shibamoto, T. (1980). Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography, Academic Press, New York.
- Private Retention-time tables of flavor and fragrance compounds.
- Schrnaus, G. (1988). Thesis: Untersuchungen uber die Zusammensetzung der atherischen Wurzelole verschiedener mittel- und westeuropaischer Peucedanum-Arten (Apiaceae) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung von Peucedanum palustre (L.) Moench wnd Peucedanum lancfolium Lange, University of Wurzburg, Germany.
- Analysis of the Essential Oil of the Leaves of the Medicinal Plant Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum (L.) A. Gray from India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.B. No. 6, Palampur (H.P.), 176 061, IN
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.B. No. 6, Palampur (H.P.), 176 061, IN
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 68, No 1 (2000), Pagination: 123-128Abstract
The composition of the essential oil of <I>Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum</I> L. (Chenopodiaceae) leaves (also commonly known as American Wormseed, wormseed goosefood or sweet pig weed) from India (Himalayan area) was analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS and olfactometry. As main compounds α-terpinene (65.4%) and para-cymene (29.4%) were found. Surprisingly the concentration of ascaridole, the main compound of <I>Chenopodium<I> species from various origin, was very low (0.7%) in this sample. The chromatographic-spectroscopic and olfactoric data as well as a possible influence of the identified volatiles on the reported biological effects will be discussed.Keywords
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum; Chenopodiaceae; Essential Oil of the Leaves; GC-FID; GC-MS; α-Terpinene; Ascaridole.References
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- Private Retention-time tables of flavor and fragrance compounds.
- Schmaus, G. (1988). Thesis: Untersuchungen uber die Zusammensetzung der aetherischen Wurzelole verschiedener mittel-und westeuropaeischer Peucedanum-Arten (Apiaceae) unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung von Peucedanum palustre (L.) Moench und Peucedanum lancifolium Lange, University of Wurzbwg, Germany.
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- Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils of Plectranthus glandulosus and Cinnumomum zeylrrnicum from Cameroon
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Authors
Leopold Jirovetz
1,
Gerhard Buchbauer
1,
Martin B. Ngassoum
2,
Jean J. Essia-Ngang
2,
Leopold N. Tatsadjieu
2,
Ousman Adjoudji
2
Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 13, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, CM
1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 13, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, CM
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 70, No 1 (2002), Pagination: 93-99Abstract
Two aromatic plants have been selected for chemical investigation on account of their antibacterial activities, Plectranthus glandulosus (fresh leaves) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (dried leaves). P. glandulosus is used as a medicinal plant, while Cinnamomum zeylunicum is used as a common spice in many recipes in Cameroon. The essential oils of the plants have been obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus, the yields of oils are about 0.3% and 2.0% respectively. The essential oil of P. glandulosus contains mainly β-thujone (about 31%), p-cymen-8-ol (about 25%) and neral (about 10%) and the essential oil of C. zeylanicum is characterised by a high percentage of eugenol(85%). These essential oils have been tested against three strains of bacteria, namely Pseudomonas,fluorescens. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; qualitative tests (diffusion through solid medium) and quantitative tests (dilution method) have been carried out. P. fluorescens shows a higher resistance to the two oils (MIC values not less than 5000 ppm). E. coli is more sensitive to these oils, while against S. aureus the essential oil of C. zeylanicum still shows a high activity (3500 ppm). The antibacterial activities of the essential oils could be attributed to the components eugenol as the active component of C. zeylanicum and β-thujone and p-cymen-4-ol of the essential oil of P. glandulosus.Keywords
Plectranthus glandulosus; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Essential Oils; Antibacterial Activity, Composition.References
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- Antimicrobial Testinqs, Gas Chromatoqraphic Analysis and Olfactorv Evaluation of an Essential Oil of Hop Cones (Humulus lupulus L.) from Bavaria and some of its main Compounds
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Authors
Leopold Jirovetz
1,
Stefanie Bail
1,
Gerhard Buchbauer
1,
Zapriana Denkova
2,
Alexander Slavchev
2,
Albena Stoyanova
3,
Erich Schmidt
4,
Margit Geissler
5
Affiliations
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 University of Food Technology, Department of Microbiology, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
3 University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
4 Kurt Kitzing GmbH, Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, DE
5 Department of GC and GC/MS, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, D-47269 Duisburg, DE
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 University of Food Technology, Department of Microbiology, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
3 University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
4 Kurt Kitzing GmbH, Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, DE
5 Department of GC and GC/MS, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, D-47269 Duisburg, DE
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 74, No 4 (2006), Pagination: 189-201Abstract
The essential oil of hop cones (Humulus lupulu L.) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS to assess the composition of volatiles and to evaluate olfactorially the principle aroma compounds. Myrcene (45.3%), α-humulene (31.2%) and β-caryophyllene (9.8%) were found to be the main constituents of this H. lupulus sample. The essential hop oil, the 3 main compounds and three minor concentrated constituents, isobutyl isobutyrate, geraniol and β-pinene, were tested for their antimicrobial activities against some different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the yeast Candida albicans by using agar diffusion and agar dilution method, respectively. The same was done using the phenolic aroma compound eugenol and the synthetic antibiotics ciproxinR, LidaprimR and tetracycline hydrochloride as reference-substance. It was found that the essential H. lupulus oil showed antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive-bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, the Gram-negative-bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. as well as the yeast Candida albicans. This result was correlated to the antimicrobial testing of the mentioned main and minor constituents of the essential hop oil as well as of the 4 reference-compounds. The obtained data were discussed to get more insight into the influence of pure aroma compounds on the antimicrobial activities of essential oils.Keywords
Humulus lupulus L., Cones, Essential Oil, Composition, Antimicrobial Testing, Olfactory Evaluation, GC, GC-MS.References
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