South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences

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Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Synthetic Pesticide "Attack" on Root Meristems of Allium cepa L.


Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Department of Botany and Research Centre, Sree Krishna College, Ariyannoor P.O. Guruvayoor‐680102, Kerala, India
 

Generally in agriculture farmers use pesticides to increase their yield by reducing crop losses by pests. Some chemical compounds used pesticides are mutagens. Present study evaluated the cytotoxic effect of synthetic pesticide "Attack" which is used instead of "Furadan"on ischolar_main meristems of Allium cepa L. as a test system. The ischolar_main meristems of A. cepa L. were treated with five concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) of the chemical pesticide "Attack" for 6 h duration. Exposure to different concentrations of pesticide showed an inhibitory effect on cell division in ischolar_main tip cells of A. cepa and caused a general decline in Mitotic Index values. Additionally, a wide range of abnormal mitotic stages, were detected in treated cells when compared to control. The total percentage of aberrations generally increased in a dose dependant manner. Among these, frequently observed chromosomal abnormalities were despiralized prophase, disoriented prophase, vagrant prophase, diagonal metaphase, C ‐ metaphase, vagrant metaphase, clumped metaphase, star anaphase, diagonal anaphase, anaphase with two bridges and with multiple bridges, aticky anaphase, telophase stickiness, hyperchromasia, bi‐nucleate and 4 nucleate cells and micronucleus. The results of the present study clearly proved the sensitivity of Allium test and hence substantiate its use as a cytogenetic assay to assess the cytogenetic effect of chemical widely used as pesticides. The cytotoxic pesticides have potential to cause adverse environmental and health effects by inducing chromosomal abnormalities leading to mutations.

Keywords

Allium cepa, Cytotoxicity, Attack, Chromosomal Aberrations, Mitotic Index, Root Mersistem Cells.
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  • Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Synthetic Pesticide "Attack" on Root Meristems of Allium cepa L.

Abstract Views: 207  |  PDF Views: 8

Authors

K. R. Soumya
Post Graduate Department of Botany and Research Centre, Sree Krishna College, Ariyannoor P.O. Guruvayoor‐680102, Kerala, India
M. T. Teena
Post Graduate Department of Botany and Research Centre, Sree Krishna College, Ariyannoor P.O. Guruvayoor‐680102, Kerala, India
S. Sudha
Post Graduate Department of Botany and Research Centre, Sree Krishna College, Ariyannoor P.O. Guruvayoor‐680102, Kerala, India

Abstract


Generally in agriculture farmers use pesticides to increase their yield by reducing crop losses by pests. Some chemical compounds used pesticides are mutagens. Present study evaluated the cytotoxic effect of synthetic pesticide "Attack" which is used instead of "Furadan"on ischolar_main meristems of Allium cepa L. as a test system. The ischolar_main meristems of A. cepa L. were treated with five concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) of the chemical pesticide "Attack" for 6 h duration. Exposure to different concentrations of pesticide showed an inhibitory effect on cell division in ischolar_main tip cells of A. cepa and caused a general decline in Mitotic Index values. Additionally, a wide range of abnormal mitotic stages, were detected in treated cells when compared to control. The total percentage of aberrations generally increased in a dose dependant manner. Among these, frequently observed chromosomal abnormalities were despiralized prophase, disoriented prophase, vagrant prophase, diagonal metaphase, C ‐ metaphase, vagrant metaphase, clumped metaphase, star anaphase, diagonal anaphase, anaphase with two bridges and with multiple bridges, aticky anaphase, telophase stickiness, hyperchromasia, bi‐nucleate and 4 nucleate cells and micronucleus. The results of the present study clearly proved the sensitivity of Allium test and hence substantiate its use as a cytogenetic assay to assess the cytogenetic effect of chemical widely used as pesticides. The cytotoxic pesticides have potential to cause adverse environmental and health effects by inducing chromosomal abnormalities leading to mutations.

Keywords


Allium cepa, Cytotoxicity, Attack, Chromosomal Aberrations, Mitotic Index, Root Mersistem Cells.

References