Rashtriya Krishi (English)

Yuvaraj Singh Dhruw ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Organic agriculture is one among the broad spectrum of production methods that are supportive of the environment. Organic production systems are based on specific standards precisely formulated for food production and aim at achieving agro ecosystems, which are socially and ecologically sustainable. Organic farming has the potential to provide benefits in terms of environmental protection, conservation of non-renewable resources and improved food quality. India is bestowed with lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its diverse agro-climatic regions. In several parts of the country, the inherited tradition of organic farming is an added advantage. This holds promise for the organic producers to tap the market which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the export market. In India, the land under certification is around 2.8 million ha. But, there is considerable latent interest among farmers in conversion to organic farming.

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Yuvaraj Singh Dhruw ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

SHGs are novel and innovative organizational setup in India for the women upliftment and welfare. All women in India are given chance to join any one of SHGs for training and development, so as to be prospective entrepreneur and skilled worker. The SHGs are promoted by the Government as if women in India may not be resourceful enough to be entrepreneurs. When the SHGs arrange training facilities to carry out certain kind of work which are suitable for women in India, bank must arrange financial assistance to carry out manufacturing and trading activities, arranging marketing facilities while the Governments will procure the product of SHGs, arrange for enhancing the capacity of women in terms of leadership quality and arranging for the management of SHGs by themselves so as to have administrative capacity. As a social movement with government support. SHGs become more or less a part and parcel of the society.

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Yuvaraj Singh Dhruw ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Agricultural production and farm incomes in India are frequently affected by natural disasters such as drought, floods, cyclone, storm, landslide, earthquake etc. Susceptibility of agriculture to these disasters is compounded by the outbreak of epidemics and manmade disasters such as fire, sale of spurious seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, price crashes, etc. All these events severely affect farmers through loss in production and farm income, and are beyond the control of farmers. With growing commercialization of agriculture, the magnitude of loss due to unfavourable eventualities is increasing. In recent times, mechanisms like contract farming and futures trading have been established which are expected to provide some insurance against price fluctuations directly or indirectly. But, agricultural insurance is considered an important mechanism to effectively address the risks to output and income resulting from various natural and man-made events.

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Yuvaraj Singh Dhruw ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension (I.G.K.V.), Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

A Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) is any association having a definite cultural, economic, educational, religious or social cause or any non-profit voluntary citizens group which is organized around specific issues, such as education, environmental conservation, social welfare, rural development sanitation, healthcare or human rights, on a local, national or international level. The World Bank defines NGOs as “private organisations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect the environment, provides basic social services, or undertake community development. NGOs include an array of groups and institutions that are entirely or largely independent of government and characterised primarily by humanitarian or co-operative, rather than commercial objectives”.

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Yuvaraj Singh Dhruw ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension (I.G.K.V.) Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Climate change is any significant long-term change in the expected patterns of average weather of region (or the whole Earth) over a significant period of time. It is about non-normal variations to the climate, and the effects of these variations on other parts of the Earth. These changes may take tens, hundreds or perhaps millions of year. But increased in anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, urbanization, deforestation, agriculture, change in land use pattern etc. leads to emission of green house gases due to which the rate of climate change is much faster. Climate change scenarios include higher temperatures, changes in precipitation and higher atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. There are three ways in which the Greenhouse Effect may be important for agriculture. First, increased atmospheric CO₂ concentrations can have a direct effect on the growth rate of crop plants and weeds. Secondly, CO₂-induced changes of climate may alter levels of temperature, rainfall and sunshine that can influence plant and animal productivity. Finally, rises in sea level may lead to loss of farmland by inundation and increasing salinity of groundwater in coastal areas.

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