Rashtriya Krishi (English)

Tapas Ranjan Sahoo ¹, Debadatta Sethi ², Upasana Mohapatra ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubneswar (Odisha), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubneswar (Odisha), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubneswar (Odisha), IN

Abstract

Climate change is threatening food security globally. Countries like India are more vulnerable in view of the tropical monsoon climate and poor coping capacity of the small and marginal farmers. Several agricultural practices like indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals and crop residue burning contribute to emission of greenhouse gases leading to warming of the atmosphere. Sequestration of carbon both in the vegetation and soil is the most effective means of mitigating GHG emissions. There are several strategies of soil carbon sequestration which can be adopted at farm level. One of the recent developments is the conversion of crop residue biomass into biochar and using the char as a soil amendment rather than directly using the crop residues.

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Upasana Mohapatra ¹, Tapas Ranjan Sahoo ², Debadatta Sethi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN

Abstract

India's agriculture is more dependent on monsoon from the ancient periods. Any change in monsoon trend drastically affects agriculture. Climate change is any significant long-term change in the expected patterns of average weather of region (or the whole Earth) over a significant period of time. It is about non-normal variations to the climate, and the effects of these variations on other parts of the Earth. Agriculture sector is the most sensitive sector to the climate changes because the climate of a region/country determines the nature and characteristics of vegetation and crops. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence, reduce final yield. The increased level of greenhouse gases (GHGs) (carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) etc.) due to anthropogenic activities has contributed to an overall increase of the earth's temperature, leading to a global warming. The net effect of climate change on world agriculture is likely to be negative. Although some regions and crops will benefit, most will not. Indirect climate impacts include increased competition from weeds, expansion of pathogens and insect pest ranges and seasons, and other alterations in crop agro-ecosystems.

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