Rashtriya Krishi (English)

Anirudh Choudhary ¹, Lokesh Kumar Jain ¹, Phool Chand Meena ¹, Hanuman Prasad Parewa ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agriculture, Sumerpur, Pali (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Forage crops include a wide range of annual and perennial grasses and legumes grown for hay, silage and pasture and are grown throughout the country to support various livestock. Weeds can reduce the quantity and quality of desirable plants in pastures and hayfields. Even some weed species can also be poisonous to livestock. Therefore, weed management is an imperative component of forage crops and pasture management particularly for parasitic weeds. Well-managed pastures require fewer direct actions to manage weeds because healthy, well-established forage plants are more likely to prevent weed invasions. In some situations, however, herbicides are needed for weed control despite a producer’s best pasture management efforts. Under some circumstances, the quality of pastures can be substantially improved with a well-planned herbicide programme. Therefore, parasitic weed management requires a combination of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods starting from field preparation and continues throughout the life of the pasture along with prevention strategies. The weed management techniques are often species-specific, under such circumstances the success of weed management is depends on correctly identification of weeds present in the field. In order to make sound management decisions, it is important to know the name of a weed, as well as its lifecycle and reproductive mode and capacity. Accurate information on the biology and lifecycle of the weeds can help growers to apply weed management techniques more effectively, based on the susceptibility of the species to different control methods.

Keywords

Cuscuta, Lucerne, Damage, Botany, Integrated weed management.

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Lokesh Kumar Jain ¹, Phool Chand Meena ¹, Hanuman Prasad Parewa ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agriculture, Sumerpur, Pali (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a C₄ plant and is a major coarse grain crop of the world. The plant has a mechanism for efficient photosynthesis and rapid translocation of food materials from source to sink (grains) favours it to withstand drought conditions. It is highly resistant to high temperature, adaptable to poor soil, low vulnerability to disease and insect, pests and has good nutritive value. Its tolerance to drought, heat and soil salinity and its high water use efficiency make it a climatesmart crop and called poorman’s food. It is grown in drought prone areas where it performs better than other cereals and is a major crop for food stay in hot and arid areas of India and Africa. It provides sufficient energy to the field workers at a very low cost. In India alone, 90 per cent of the world and in Rajasthan 65 per cent of country’s total pearl millet is grown. In the state of Rajasthan, it is grown on 4.9 m ha of area (only 2% area is under irrigation) with a production of 6.43 mt while it is grown on 8.7 mha with a production of 10.05 mt as a country as whole (Vital Agricultural Statistics 2011-12, GOR, Jaipur). The other states like Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh grow pearl millet and their contribution is less than 1.0 lakh ha., individually. The districts of Rajasthan those grow pearl millet have a cropping intensity less than 120 per cent. It is a major source of dietary energy for a large number of people and provides quality feed to animals also in these areas where the major source (50-75%) of livelihood is animal based. The pearl millet grains have a biological value similar to wheat and rice and impart substantial energy to body. Its nutritive values designated pearl millet as nutri-cereals and are excellent nutritious food for those who are habituated to this food. The few varieties like ICTP-8203 have high iron content and governments of some states promoted to grow it for removal of malnutrition caused due to iron deficiency or anemia. The composition of amino acids like lysine, threonine and methionine were inversely correlated and leucine, isoleucine and tryptophan were positively correlated with the protein contents.

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Lokesh Kumar Jain ¹, Hanwant Kumar ², Anirudh Choudhary ³, Hanuman Prasad Parewa ¹, Phool Chand Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Sumerpur, Pali (Rajasthan), IN
2 Agriculture University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), IN
3 College of Agriculture, Sumerpur, Pali (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The agriculture aimed at meeting the needs of present generation without endangering the resource base of future generation. The change from a high input and chemically intensive agriculture to a sustainable form to control weeds relies on use of low or non-monetary inputs like selection of crops and their variety, balanced nutrition, crop geometry, tillage practices, crop rotation etc. The power for investment on costly and hazardous inputs like weedicides without considering threshold levels is increasing day by day in want of higher crop production. Weedicides are also applied from field preparation to harvesting and post harvesting caused a considerable improvement in but damaged drastically the resources like soil health, crop environment, microbiota etc. and threatened by developing resistance against them. Under such circumstances, crop rotation, a part of agronomical management changes micro climate in favour of crop. The use of less persistence and highly effective herbicides either shift the weed flora or cause resistance to herbicides and endangered some crop species and damaged bio-diversity.

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