Research Journal of Science and Technology

S. J. Daharwal ¹, Bhanu Pratap Sahu ¹

Affiliations
1 University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Chewing gums are mobile drug delivery system. Today chewing gum is an excellent drug delivery system for self medication and can be administered directly without water. Medicated chewing gums are solid, single dose preparation with a base consisting mainly gums that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. It is used for both local and systemic effects. This drug delivery system can release drug through oral mucosa directly in to the systemic circulation. This delivery system has many advantages like fast onset of action, no first pass metabolism, taste masking, patient compliance, less side effects etc. For the dissolution of chewing gums there is no any apparatus in USP but in European Pharmacopoeia there is as such method for dissolution purpose. Most of the chewing gums were used for smoking cessation, travel illness, pain relief and prevention of dental caries, alleviation of xerostomia, vitamin or mineral supplementation. It was concluded that chewing gum delivery system is convenient, easy to administer- anywhere, anytime and its pleasant taste improves patient compliance. Chewing gum is viable alternative to traditional dosage forms for drugs intended to cure or relieve disease in the oral cavity.

Keywords

Chewing Gum, Mucosal Drug Delivery, Patient Compliance.

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Mukesh K. Nag ¹, Satish Patel ¹, Shikha Shrivastava ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, Manju R. Singh ¹, Deependra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

India has largest number of people suffering from diabetes mellitus in the world. Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease characterized by both insulin resistance and cell failure, resulting in a decline in insulin secretion and increased blood glucose levels. During the past three decades, various approaches have been studied for delivery of insulin. To eliminate the needle from insulin delivery and to replace it with non-invasive alternative routes has driven rigorous pharmaceutical research to replace the injectable forms of insulin. Recently, various approaches have been studied involving many strategies using various technologies that have shown success in delivering insulin, which are designed to overcome the inherent barriers for insulin uptake across the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal membranes and skin. New approaches to diabetes mellitus herapy have been shown to improve survival and well being of patients with disease. With increasing translational research and a better understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes mellitus, a number of targets have been identified in various preclinical studies. In this review diabetes mellitus, type, strategies with special emphasis on advancement in treatment of diabetes mellitusby non invensive therapies has been discussed in detail.

Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Delivery, Non Invasive Routes.

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R. D. Dubey ¹, A. R. Ahmad ¹, S. Paroha ², R. K. Gupta ³, P. K. Sahu ¹, S. Verma ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, S. L. N. Prasad Reddy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technical Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
3 J. K. College of Pharmacy, Gatora, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
4 Samskruti College of Pharmacy, Kondapur, Ghatkesar, RR Dist, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique for the determination of the elemental composition of a sample or molecule. It is also used for elucidating the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and other chemical compounds. The MS principle consists of ionizing chemical compounds to generate charged molecules or molecule fragments and measurement of their mass-to-charge ratios. There are different types of the Mass spectroscopy encluded in this review like AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), Gas Chromatography-MS, Liquid Chromatography-MS, ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectrometry ), IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry), Ion Mobility Spectrometry-MS, MALDI-TOF, SELDITOF, Tandem MS, TIMS (Thermal Ionization-Mass Spectrometry), SSMS (Spark Source Mass Spectrometry). The application of Mass spectroscopy are Isotope ratio MS: isotope dating and tracking, trace gas analysis, atom probe, pharmacokinetics, protein characterization, space exploration, respired gas monitor. In this rewiew we try to describe the type, principle, methodology and application of Mass Spectroscopy.

Keywords

Mass Spectroscopy, Analytical Technique, Chemical Structure, Chromatography.

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R. D. Dubey ¹, S. Paroha ¹, V. K. Wani ¹, A. K. Pandey ¹, P. K. Sahu ¹, S. Verma ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492101, IN

Abstract

Aqueous extracts of bulb of Allium sativum and bark of Ficus religiosa were taken for anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworm Pheritima posthuma. Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of each extracts were studied in activity, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worm. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as a reference standard. Dose dependent activity was observed in both plant extracts but Allium sativum shows more activity as compared to Ficus religiosa. It was concluded that the studied plants had anthelmintic activity. Therefore, in vivo trials may be conducted for further evidence for their use in animals on scientific basis.

Keywords

Anthelmintic Activity, Pheritima posthuma, Aqueous Extracts, Allium sativum, Ficus religiosa.

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