Research Journal of Science and Technology

Qurratulane Bari ¹, Nagendra Bhardwaj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302004, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan- 302004, IN

Abstract

The study on Physicoochemical analysis of the effluent of woolen carpet (Namada) industry was conducted at Tonk which is located in north-eastern part of the Rajasthan state between 75°07' to 76°19' east longitude and 25°41' to 26°34' north latitude. Aim of the study was to carry out a detailed physico-chemical analysis of the effluents of four selected active carpet manufacturing units along with their remedial measures. In the physicochemical analysis of the effluents, all the waste water parameters viz., color, odour, temperature, pH, BOD, COD, TDS, conductivity, acidity, chloride, and hardness, Calcium, Magnesium and Nitrate were analyzed. Colour of the four analyzed effluents ranged from dark red to greyish-black and had fishy to pungent smell. Temperature of the samples ranged between 28°C- 52°C .Besides this, all the effluents were of acidic nature and their pH value ranged 3.4 - 4.3. BOD ranged between 290 - 850 mgl^-1. COD of all the 4 samples ranged 1043 - 1889 mg / l^-1, TDS ranged from 1005 mg / l to 1472 mg / l. The conductivity or electrical conductivity (EC) varied in the range between 1252 - 2209 μmho/cm. The Acidity of all the effluents ranged from 371 mg/l - 404 mg/l. Chloride (Cl^-) ion concentration was in the range of 1995 mg/l - 2210 mg/l, total hardness varied from 2821 mg/l to 3550 mg/l. Nitrate content in the collected samples ranged between 123 mg/l - 342 mg/l.

Keywords

Woolen Carpet, Physicochemical Analysis, pH, BOD, COD, TDS, Conductivity, Acidity, Chloride, Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium and Nitrate.

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Qurratulane Bari ¹, Nagendra Bhardwaj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302004, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan- 302004, IN

Abstract

The study on heavy metal analysis of the effluents of woolen carpet (Namada) industry was conducted at Tonk which is located in north-eastern part of the Rajasthan state between 75°07' to 76°19' east longitude and 25°41' to 26°34' north latitude. Aim of the study was to carry out a heavy metal analysis of the effluents of four selected active carpet manufacturing units along with their remedial measures. During the analysis of heavy metal i.e. Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb, it was found that the heavy metal ion Cu ranged from 2.16-3.31 mg/l. Cd ion concentration ranged between 0.17-0.38 mg/l. Zinc (Zn) was in the range of 1.07-3.78 mg/l ,and Iron (Fe) was recorded in the range of 1.12 mg/l - 3.67 mg/l. Chromium (Cr) was present in the range of 1.43-3.11 mg/l, Manganese (Mn) was also present between 2.78 - 5.11 mg/l, Nickel (Ni) was present in a concentration range of 0.19-1.03 mg/l, Lead (Pb) was also analyzed and it was present in the range of 0.17-0.41 mg/l. From the carpet effluents analysis, it is drawn out that the concentration of copper, Ferrous, Zinc and Chromium was highest along with Manganese, followed by Nickel and Lead ions. Some parameters were found to be in higher concentration than the permissible limits, It is therefore recommended strongly that for the conservation of the biodiversity and ecosystem, namada effluent should be treated properly or it should be diluted up to the permissible limits, so that it may not affect the local fauna and flora along with the human population of the area.

Keywords

Carpet Industry, Heavy Metals, Water Pollution.

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Qurratulane Bari ¹, Nagendra Bhardwaj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302004, IN

Abstract

To assess the phytotoxicity of five different carpet dyes viz. Methyl Red, Methyl Orange, Erichrome Black, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green and their extracted metabolites, (degraded products) an experiment was set up, in which the seeds of Hordeum vulgare var. RD 2508 were germinated to assess the comparative toxicity of the dye against its degraded/extracted metabolites by the potent degrader fungal strain Aspergillus niger. All the dyes displayed a unique and uniform behavior. The results with the control (DD H₂O) group were the best, followed by the extract group and then the dye group. Best results of germination and seedling growth parameters on Hordeum vulgare were obtained with Methyl Orange dye and the least results were obtained with Malachite Green dye.

Although all the carpet dyes, showed variable results among the ischolar_main length, shoot length and dry weight, that indicated their differential toxic behavior towards the seedling germination and seedling growth. The overall pattern indicated that the degraded products or metabolites were undoubtedly less toxic than the dyes themselves.

Keywords

Phytotoxicity, Extracted Metabolites, Degraded Products, Toxic, Germination, Root Length, Shoot Length, Total Dry Weight.

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Qurratulane Bari ¹, Nagendra Bhardwaj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302004, IN

Abstract

The study Effect of carpet effluent and its dilution on seed germination potential and seedling growth of Hordeum vulgare var. RD 2508 was conducted at Tonk which is located in north-eastern part of the Rajasthan state between 75°07' to 76°19' east longitude and 25°41' to 26°34' north latitude. Aim of the study was to assess the delirious effects of original carpet effluent (100 %) and its dilutions viz. 5%,10%,25%, 50% and 75% on the relative germination potential and seedling growth parameters (7 days) like ischolar_main length, shoot length and total dry weight of Hordeum vulgare var. RD 2508 in comparison to the control. It was found that after 48 hours of sowing, percent germination of seedling showed a decreasing trend with increasing concentration of the effluent (from 5% - 100%).At 100% concentration, germination was only 11.66 % while it was 55.0 % and 31.66% respectively on 50% and 75% concentrations.

 

Growth parameters for seedling were also recorded after 7 days. Effect of the effluent content was more on shoot growth as compared to ischolar_main, at all the concentrations. Reduction in shoot and ischolar_main length were recorded up to 26.66% and 24.59% respectively at 25% effluent concentration in comparison to control. At higher effluent concentration (75%), the reduction in shoot length and ischolar_main length was 63.25% and 54.75% respectively. At the original concentration of effluent (i.e. 100%) the ischolar_main length and shoot length were 2.04 cm. and 1.04 cm. and the reduction percentage was 83.41% and 82.95% respectively. Plant dry weight also declined along with the increasing concentration of effluent. It was reduced upto 10.65% at 5% concentration, 17.21% at 10%, 26.22% at 25%, 39.34% at 50%, 58.19% at 75% and 84.42% at 100% effluent concentrations.

Keywords

Effluent, Control, Dilutions, Percent Germination, Growth Parameters, Shoot Length, Root Length and Total Dry Weight.

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