Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Year
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Aher, Vaibhav D.
- A Brief Review on Swine Flu
Abstract Views :2032 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad 244001, U.P, IN
2 College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad-244001, U.P, IN
1 College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad 244001, U.P, IN
2 College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad-244001, U.P, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 126-130Abstract
Swine influenza is caused by those strains of influenza virus that usually infect pigs and are called swine influenza virus (SIV). Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. The main route of transmission is through direct contact between infected and uninfected animals. Airborne transmission through the aerosols produced by pigs coughing or sneezing is also an important means of infection. In pigs influenza infection produces fever, lethargy, sneezing, coughing, difficulty breathing and decreased appetite and in human include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Risk factors that may contribute to swine-to-human transmission include smoking and not wearing gloves when working with sick animals. The principal method of treatment is vaccination and proper animal management techniques. The modern pork industry also uses antibiotic, which although they have no effect against the influenza virus, do help prevent bacterial pneumonia and other secondary infections in influenzaweakened herds. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of Tamiflu (oseltamivir) or Relenza (zanamivir) in human. Vaccines and antivirals will be crucial to the effort, but tracking and communications technologies could also play a key role in monitoring the virus, distributing accurate health information, and quelling outbreaks. Meanwhile, other Internet tools are helping to track the spread of the virus geographically.References
- Swine influenza. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2008. http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp .
- V Trifonov, H Khiabanian, B Greenbaum, R Rabadan. The origin of the recent swine influenza A(H1N1) virus infecting humans. Eurosurveillance. 2009; 4 (17). http://www.eurosur veillance.org/images/dynamic.
- Maria Zampaglione. Press Release: A/H1N1 influenza like human illness in Mexico and the USA: OIE statement. 2009. World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie. int/eng/press
- Heinen PP. Swine influenza: a zoonosis. Veterinary Sciences Tomorrow. Influenza B and C viruses are almost exclusively isolated from man, although influenza C virus has also been isolated from pigs and influenza B has recently been isolated from seals. 2003.
- Bouvier NM, Palese P. The biology of influenza viruses. Vaccine. 2008; 26 (4): 49-53.
- Kimura H, Abiko C, Peng G. Interspecies transmission of influenza C virus between humans and pigs. Virus Res. 1997.48 (1):71-79. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/
- Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Mizuta K. Antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza C viruses which caused two outbreaks in Yamagata City, Japan, in 1996 and 1998. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002; 40 (2): 422-429. http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup.
- Lynch JP, Walsh EE. Influenza: evolving strategies in treatment and prevention. Semin Respir Crit Care Med .2007; 28 (2) 144-158.
- Swine Influenza. Swine Diseases (Chest). Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine. http:// www.vetmed.iastate.edu/departments/vdpam/swine/disease s/chest/swineinfulenza/
- Shin JY, Song MS, Lee EH, Lee YM, Kim SY, Kim HK, Choi JK, Kim CJ, Webby RJ, Choi YK .Isolation and characterization of novel H3N1 swine influenza viruses from pigs with respiratory diseases in Korea. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2006; 44 (11): 3923-3927.
- Ma W, Vincent AL, Gramer MR, Brockwell CB, Lager KM, Janke BH, Gauger PC, Patnayak DP, Webby RJ, Richt JA . Identification of H2N3 influenza A viruses from swine in the United States. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA .2007; 104 (52): 20949-20954.
- Kothalawala H, Toussaint MJ, Gruys E. An overview of swine influenza. 2006; Vet Q 28 (2) 46-53.
- Yassine HM, Al-Natour MQ, Lee CW, Saif YM. Interspecies and intraspecies transmission of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza A viruses. Virol J.2007. 28 (4): 129.
- Gray GC, Kayali G. Facing pandemic influenza threats: the importance of including poultry and swine workers in preparedness plans. Poultry Science. 2009; 88 (4) 880- 884.
- Swine Flu and You. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/ swineflu you.htm. Swine flu virus turns endemic. National Hog Farmer. http://nationalhogfarmer.com/mag/swine flu virus endemic.
- Swine. Custom Vaccines. Novartis. http://www.livestock. novartis.com/cv swine.html.
- Gramer Marie Rene, Lee Jee Hoon, Choi Young Ki, Goyal Sagar M, Joo Han Soo. Serologic and genetic characterization of North American H3N2 swine influenza A viruses. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2007; 71 (3) 201-206. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/
- Myers KP, Olsen CW, Gray GC. Cases of swine influenza in humans: a review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 44 (8) 1084-1088.
- Ramirez A, Capuano AW, Wellman DA, Lesher KA, Setterquist SF, Gray GC. Preventing zoonotic influenza virus infection . Emerging Infect. Dis. 2006; 12 (6): 996- 1000. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid.
- Q and A: Key facts about swine influenza (swine flu) Spread of Swine Flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/key facts.htm.
- Q and A: Key facts about swine influenza (swine flu) Diagnosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/key facts.htm.
- Influenza Factsheet. Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/ Factsheets/pdfs/influenza.pdf.
- www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/faq/en/index.html;http://w ww.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/faq/en/index.html.
- Antiviral Drugs and Swine Influenza. Centers for Disease Control. http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/antiviral swine.htm.
- FDA Authorizes Emergency Use of Influenza Medicines, Diagnostic Test in Response to Swine Flu Outbreak in Humans. FDA News, April 27, 2009. Fda.gov. 2009-04-27. http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2009/NEW02002.html.
- CDC report Prevention and Control of Influenza published April 12, 2002.
- CIDRAP article Record flu vaccine supply expected next season published January 26, details current availability in the US.
- http://msc.jcvi.org/influenza/index.shtml
- http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/LabsAndResources/resources/ms cs/default.htm
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenzavirus A