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Bachhav, R. S.
- A Neurodegenerative Disorder-Alzheimer Disease: A Treatise
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1 Kalyani Charitable Trust's R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Sapkal Knowledge Hub. Anjaneri, Trimbakeshwar, Nashik 422 212, IN
1 Kalyani Charitable Trust's R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Sapkal Knowledge Hub. Anjaneri, Trimbakeshwar, Nashik 422 212, IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 268-273Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), though not a life threatening disease but increase the morbidity rate of an individual. It can be very well correlated with the retrograde amnesia. But specifically as it is encountered in elder subjects, it is represented as Senile Dementia. The earliest observable symptoms are often mistakenly thought to be 'age-related' concerns, or manifestations of stress. In the early stages, the most commonly recognized symptom is memory loss, such as difficulty in remembering recently learned facts. When a doctor or physician has been notified, and AD is suspected, the diagnosis is usually confirmed with behavioral assessments and cognitive tests, often followed by a brain scan if available. As the disease advances, symptoms include confusion, irritability and aggression, mood swings, language breakdown and long-term memory loss is also assumed. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. It is found that some plaque is present in the brain. One area of clinical research is focused on treating the underlying disease pathology by reduction of amyloid beta levels is a common target of compounds under investigation. Immunotherapy or vaccination for the amyloid protein is one treatment modality under study. Unlike preventative vaccination, the putative therapy would be used to treat people already diagnosed.Keywords
Alzheimer Disease, β-amyloid.
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- Role of Retinoids in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
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Authors
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1 KCT's Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-13, IN
1 KCT's Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-13, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 144-149Abstract
Alzheimers disease very basically is characterized by the loss of the cognitive functions. β-amyloid is a major histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The disease is characterized by extracellular neuritic plaque composed of fibrillar-amyloid peptide and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau. The peptides are generated by successive proteolysis of beta amyloid precursor protein, a large transmembrane glycoprotein that is initially cleaved by the site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme -1 and subsequently by gamma secretase in the transmembrane domain. Retinoic acid is active metabolite of Vitamin A. Deprivation of Vitamin A results in amyloid-β accumulation, loss of hippocampal long term potentiation and memory deficit, all of which are hall mark of Alzheimers disease. Here we focused a role of retinoic acid on different pathophysiological features of Alzheimers disease. Retinoic acid may play an active role in treating neurodegenerative disorder. Retinoids appear to normalize many pathological states, and clinical side effects presently reported are mostly not serious except for retinoic acid syndrome.Keywords
Alzheimers, Retinoic Acid, Vitamin A, Amyloid-β, Retinoid X Receptor(RXR).References
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