Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics

Ganesh G. Dhakad ¹, Sangita P. Shirsat ¹, Kaveri P. Tambe ¹

Affiliations
1 Ahinsa institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha 425408., IN

Abstract

Until recently, cancer therapy comprised of four main types of treatment: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Over the past decade, immuno-oncology (IO) has emerged as a novel and important approach to cancer treatment through the stimulation of the body’s own immune system to kill cancer cells. This newly recognised method of treating cancer is rapidly developing, with many accelerated approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency in 2019. Several therapeutic classes have emerged within IO, and are the focus of this review article. In particular, the immune checkpoint inhibitors have had remarkable success across multiple malignancies, and are the most well-established therapeutic class of IO agents to date. Biomarker testing for the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint target has been developed and is now obligatory before treatment with pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck) when used for nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and cervical cancer, as well as before treatment with atezolizumab (Tecentriq, Roche) when used for urothelial carcinoma. However, ambiguity remains as to the relevance of PD-L1 expression for checkpoint inhibition therapy for other tumour types. More recently, combining IO agents with conventional therapies has been evaluated with some significant improvements in patient outcomes. While IO agents are rapidly changing the standard of care for people with cancer, there are still many challenges to overcome in terms of managing their toxicities and ensuring that healthcare systems, such as the NHS, can afford the high cost of these therapies. The IO pipeline also includes chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies and cancer vaccines, both of which show great promise for the future but have their own unique toxicity and cost-effectiveness issues.

Keywords

Biomarkers, Cancer, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Immune-oncology, Oncology.

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Sangita P. Shirsat ¹, Kaveri P. Tambe ¹, Gayatri D. Patil ¹, Ganesh G. Dhakad ¹

Affiliations
1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, Shindkheda, Dhule (MH)-425408, IN

Abstract

Curcuma aromatica is also a familiar Chinese herb used for treating diseases with blood stasis and has been consider as an effective anticancer herb. The rhizomes of Curcuma aromatic are used in original medicine for exterior applications on skin diseases, sprain, bruise, in snake poison, holdup the ageing process, pain relief, protecting against liver diseases and also to enhance complexion. The constituents identified in the oil is alphapinene, beta-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineol, isofurano-germacrene, borneol, isoborneol, beta-curcumene, arcurcumene, xanthorrhizol, germacrone, camphor, and curzerenone and the constituent in oil was found to differ from place to place. Bioactive compounds, counting 1, 8-cineole, ar-curcumene, ar-turmerone, β-elemene, camphor, curcumol, curdione, germacrone, linalool, xanthorrhizol, and zingiberene, from the essential oil of C. aromatica have been verified to possess anticancer properties. Usually used as an anti- inflammatory agent. It possesses a wide range of activities like Anti –inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunological effects, wound healing, anti -fungal, anti -oxidant, anti - microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-platelet and mosquito repellent activity of wild turmeric. The use of analgesic drugs, such as opiates and NSAIDs, for pain relief has been stagnated as these drugs are reported to have adverse side effects, including addiction and gastrointestinal disorders.

Keywords

Curcuma aromatica, Anti-diabetic, Analgesic drug, Wild turmeric.

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Ganesh G. Dhakad ¹, Kaveri P. Tambe ¹, Sangita P. Shirsat ¹, Neha R. Jaiswal ¹

Affiliations
1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, 425408., IN

Abstract

Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] is an important multi-purpose cucurbit crop grown for its leaf, fruit, and seed. It is widely cultivated and used for human consumption in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) providing vital human nutrition and serving as food security crop. There is wide genetic variation among bottle gourd genetic resources in Africa for diverse qualitative and quantitative attributes for effective variety design, product development, and marketing. However, the crop is under- researched and -utilized, and improved varieties are yet to be developed and commercialized in the region. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide the progress on bottle gourd genetic improvement and genetic analysis targeting agronomic and horticultural attributes, nutritional composition, biotic, and abiotic stress tolerance to guide current and future cultivar development, germplasm access, and conservation in SSA. The first section of the paper presents progress on breeding of bottle gourd for horticultural traits, agronomic performance, nutritional and antinutritional composition, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. This is followed by important highlights on key genetic resources of cultivated and wild bottle gourd for demand driven breeding. Lastly, the review summaries advance in bottle gourd genomics, genetic engineering and genome editing. Information presented in this paper should aid bottle gourd breeders and agronomists to develop and deploy new generation and promising varieties with farmer- and market -preferred attributes.

Keywords

Bottle Gourd, Human Health.

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Ganesh G. Dhakad ¹, Kaveri P. Tambe ¹, Sangita P. Shirsat ¹, Neha R. Jaiswal ¹

Affiliations
1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, 425408., IN

Abstract

Nyctanthes arbortristis is one of the most useful traditional medicinal plants in India. It is distributed widely in sub-Himalayan regions and Southwards to Godavari. Each part of the plant has some important medicinal value and is thus commercially exploitable1 . It is now considered as a valuable source of several unique products for the medicines against various diseases and also for the development of some industrial products. The present review is to focus on the potential phyto-chemicals and pharmacological activity of plant N. Arbortristis1 . Various parts of the plant like seeds, leaves, flowers, bark and fruits have been investigated for their significant pharmacological activity. Phyto-chemicals like flavanoid, glycoside, oleanic acid, essential oils, tannic acid, carotene, friedeline, lupeol, glucose, benzoic acid have been reported for significant hair tonic, hepatoprotective, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-viral, antifungal, anti-pyretic, anti-histaminic, anti-malerial, anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of Night jasmine and emphasizes the need for further exploring available information

Keywords

Medicinal use, Nyctanthes arbortristis

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