Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics

D. Rajesh Kumar ¹, L. Manipriya ², M. Radhika ², S. Anusha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (Dt), Andhrapradesh, IN
2 Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (Dt), Andhrapradesh, IN

Abstract

Infantile Refsum disease (IRD) also called infantile phytanic acid storage disease is a rare autosomal recessive congenital peroxisomal biogenesis disorder (PBD). First it was discovered by Norwegian neurologist, Sigvald Refsum. Refsum disease also has a Latin name, heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis, meaning a hereditary disease affecting balance and the peripheral nerves. There are four types of PBDs - Zellweger syndrome (ZS), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), infantile Refsum disease (IRD) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP). Mainly it occurs due to elevated plasma concentration of phytanic acid. Blood levels of phytanic acid are increased in patients with Refsum disease. These levels are 10-50 mg/dL, whereas normal values are less than or equal to 0.2 mg/dL. Some of the causes of this disease are muscle conditions,brain conditions, genetic variations. The main symptoms are Visual impairments, Retinitis pigmentosa and hearing impairments. IRD is definitively confirmed with biochemical evaluation. Diagnosis of IRD before birth is possible by genetic testing. The main differential diagnoses include Usher syndrome I and II. The main complication of this disease is Cardiac involvement i.e. produce conduction abnormalities and cardiomyopathy has been associated with premature death. Mainly it is treated by dietary restriction. Another common approach is in supplementing the child's diet with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Keywords

Infantile Refsum Disease, Zellweger Syndrome, Phytanic Acid, Retinitis Pigmentosa and Cardiomyopathy.

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I. Srivallika ¹, P. Shivasri ¹, M. Ramesh ¹, P. Jony Basha ¹, T. Vinay Kumar ², B. Ram Sarath Kumar ³, D. Rajesh Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, Chebrolu, Guntur(DT) Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, Chebrolu, Guntur (DT) Andhra Pradesh, IN
3 SIMS College of Pharmacy, Guntur Andhra Pradesh, IN
4 Dept. of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (DT) Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder caused by partial or complete insulin deficiency, resulting in hyperglycaemia leading to acute and chronic complications. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is on rise all over the world. Synthetic drugs are likely to give serious side effects in addition they are not suitable for intake during conditions like pregnancy. Hence, search for a new drug with low cost, more potential, without adverse effects is being pursued in several laboratories all around the world. Different extracts of Coriander, Cinnamon and Musa paradisiaca were used for determining antidiabetic activity. In vitro antidiabetic activity was performed by Glucose Diffusion Inhibitory Study. The results showed coriander and cinnamon reported anti-hyperglycemic effects and use of floral extract of banana tree leads to correction of no of secondary complications.

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus, Hyperglycaemia, Coriander, Cinnamon and Musa paradisiaca.

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D. Rajesh Kumar ¹, P. Prathap Reddy ², V. Sai Krishna ², B. Manikanta ², D. Naga Jyothi ², K. Samrajyam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jonnalagadda, Narsaraopet, Guntur (DT) A.P., IN
2 Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jonnalagadda, Narsaraopet, Guntur (DT) A.P., IN

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is also referred as attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a neurological disorder usually found in children of elementary school age. This condition begins in childhood. There are mainly three types of ADHD include predominantly inattentive presentation, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation and combined presentation. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to development of ADHD .The neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine are also involved in occurrence of ADHD. There's no specific test for diagnosis of ADHD. Standard treatments for ADHD in children include stimulant medications, education, training and counseling.

Keywords

ADHD, ADD, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Stimulant Medications.

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D. Rajesh Kumar ¹, M. Siva Shankar ², P. Prathap Reddy ², B. Ram Sarath Kumar ³, N. Sumalatha ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (DT), Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh India, IN
3 SIMS College of Pharmacy, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline. More than 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia, most suffering from Alzheimer's disease. There are three stages of the condition mild, moderate and severe. The symptoms are also varies from stage to stage. Some of the causes of this disease includes age, family history, Down's syndrome and vascular disease. Mainly it occurs due to presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Diagnosis can be done by using CT scan, MRI scan and Cognitive tests. Cholinesterase inhibitors and partial glutamate antagonists are used for the treatment. It can be prevented by performing some of activities like reading, writing and learning foreign languages.

Keywords

Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia, Down's Syndrome, Amyloid Plaques and Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

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G. Lakshmana ¹, V. Chitra ², D. Rajesh Kumar ¹, P. Dayakar Reddy ¹, R. Srinivasan ³, G. Rajeswari Devi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (DT), Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, S.R.M. College of Pharmacy, Kattakulathur, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, IN
4 Department of Biotechnology, Narsaraopet, Guntur(DT), Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The present work is carried out to study the effect of Asystasia gangetica T. Adams (Acanthaceae) on blood glucose levels and antioxidant enzymes levels in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. Alloxan (120 mg/kg, i.p) induced diabetic rats were treated with Asystasia gangetica leaf methanolic and n-hexane extract for 21 days. Glucose level was measured in blood serum and antioxidant enzymes levels viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidase (LPO) were measured in liver homogenate solution, methanolic and n-hexane extract of leaf of Asystasia gangetica T. Adams significantly (P<0.01) lowered the Alloxan induced hyperglycemia. It also produced a significant (P<0.01) decrease in peroxidation product viz. MDA in liver homogenate solution. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT were found to be increased in the liver homogenate solution of diabetic animals treated with the Asystasia gangetica T. Adams leaf extract. This confirms the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity of Asystasia gangetica T. Adams in Alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Keywords

Asystasia gangetica T. Adams, Alloxan, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Lipid Peroxidase (LPO).

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