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Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. In 2030, the figure of diabetic patients is expected to rise to 366 million. Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of global death by disease. Each year diabetes accounts for 3.8 million deaths. This article deals with recent advancement to wards treatment of diabetes. First it reviews emerging targets for diabetes like PTP-1B inhibitors, GSK-3 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors. Second it describes recent nanotechnology research in the detection of insulin and blood sugar by implantable sensor and microphysiometer. In addition latest stem cell research occurs in diabetes treatment. At last this article give idea about working of insulin pump, glossary of pump and how pump can reduce the risk of complication of diabetes.

Keywords

Diabetes, PTP-1B Inhibitors, GSK-3 Inhibitors, DPP-4 Inhibitors, Nanotechnology, Insulin Pump, Stem Cell.

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Tuberculosis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Antitubercular Activity of an Actinomycin Produced by a New Species of Streptomyces

Abstract Views :329 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Ravi G. Patel ¹, Chirag K. Patel ¹, B. Panigrahi ¹, C. N. Patel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN

Source

Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 23-26

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infection caused by the rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mycobacteria typically measure 0.5 im by 3 im, are classified as acid-fast bacilli, and have a unique cell wall structure crucial to their survival. The well developed cell wall contains a considerable amount of a fatty acid, mycolic acid, covalently attached to the underlying peptidoglycan-bound polysaccharide arabino galactan, providing an extraordinary lipid barrier. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread by small airborne droplets, called droplet nuclei, generated by the coughing, sneezing, talking, or singing of a person with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis. These minuscule droplets can remain airborne for minutes to hours after expectoration. During the course of a systematic search for new antibiotics, an actinomycin complex was isolated from Streptomyces regensis sp. This actinomycin complex differs from other actinomycins described in literature in its amino acid composition and is very highly active against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The strains of Staph. aureus highly resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclin and erythromycin are equally susceptible to its action.

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Biochemical Origins of Alzheimer's Disease with Treatment Techniques

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Authors

Chirag K. Patel ¹, B. Panigrahi ¹, R. Badmanaban ¹, C. N. Patel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN

Source

Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 33-38

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by irregular protein formations in the brain leading to neuronal loss and ultimately affecting the patient's cognitive ability and memory. AD affects nearly 4.5 million Americans, and this number is expected to continue to rise. The pathological manifestations of AD occur in the neurons and are two-fold; the primary cause is the accumulation. β-amyloid (amyloid precursor protein) depositions, which aggregate into pathogenic plaques. The second is the accumulation of paired helical filaments that form into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid precursor protein plaques result from the sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. NFTs result from the hyperphosphorylation of tau, a stabilizing component of microtubules. Based on current understanding of the Amyloid precursor protein pathway, two major strategies will be discussed that aim at decreasing the deposition of Amyloid precursor protein plaques in the brain. In the first approach, non-streroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alter the APP cleavage site by β-secretase to produce less amyoidogenic plaques. A second method aims at inhibiting γ-secretase activity on APP through allosteric inhibition of ATP binding.

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Antidiabetic Potential of Root Extract of Momordica cymbalaria, Fenzl in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract Views :181 | PDF Views:0

Authors

K. M. Modh ¹, I. S. Anand ¹, B. Panigrahi ¹, C. N. Patel ¹, R. Badmanaban ¹, M. V. Patel ²

Affiliations
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, Gujarat, IN
2 Visveswarapura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NA, 24^th Main, 25^th Cross, BSK Stage II, Bangalore - 560 004 Karnataka, IN

Source

Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 89-93

Abstract

The effect of a aqueous extract of the ischolar_mains of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl., (Cucurbitaceae) was evaluated with streptozotocin(65 mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic rats. Seventy-two hours after streptozotocin injection, the extract, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, was administered orally for 30 consecutive days. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and In-vitro peripheral glucose uptake studies were also measured during this course of experiment. The extract was found to be potent antidiabetic as evidenced by significant (p < 0.001) reduction of serum glucose level of diabetic rats on 30^th day by both the doses (maximal effect of 45.95% reduction of serum glucose level, at 500 mg/kg, p < 0.001). Results demonstrated a significant reduction of serum lipids (maximal effect of 50.23 and 31.89% reduction of cholesterol and triglyceride, respectively, at 500 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and elevation of liver glycogen level (maximal effect at 300 mg/kg, p < 0.05) in diabetic rats, comparable to that of standard antidiabetic glibenclamide at 500 μg/kg, p.o. In OGTT, the extract at different doses showed significant reduction in serum glucose level (p < 0.05) from 30 min. onwards. The extract also revealed increase in In-vitro model for peripheral glucose uptake (not statistically significant). Improvement of body weight profile was also observed in extract-treated diabetic rats.

Keywords

Momordica cymbalaria, Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes, Antihyperglycemic, Antidiabetic Effect.

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