Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Mamdouh N. Samy ¹, Mokhtar M. Bishr ², Ahmed A. Ahmed ³, Hanaa M. Sayed ⁴, Mohamed S. Kamel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia University, Minia 61519, EG
2 Research and Development Department, Mepaco Company, Cairo, 11361, EG
3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Minia University, Minia 61519, EG
4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, EG

Abstract

Tribulus terrestris L. is an annual, prostrate, branched herb of the Zygophyllaceae family. In traditional medicine, hot water extract of the ischolar_main is taken orally as an aphrodisiac. Therefore, in this context the detailed pharmacognostic study of ischolar_main has been carried out with the aim to establish its pharmacognostical standards. The microscopical studies of ischolar_main revealed the presence of cluster crystals, starch granules, lignified fibers, pitted wood parenchyma and pitted xylem vessel.

Keywords

Tribulus terrestris, Zygophyllaceae, Pharmacognostical Study, Root.

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Mamdouh N. Samy ¹, Mokhtar M. Bishr ², Ahmed A. Ahmed ³, Hanaa M. Sayed ⁴, Mohamed S. Kamel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia University, Minia 61519, EG
2 Research and Development Department, Mepaco Company, Cairo, 11361, EG
3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Minia University, Minia 61519, EG
4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, EG

Abstract

The present study was carried out to establish the pharmacognostical characters of stem of Tribulus terrestris L. No reports are available on the pharmacognostical studies of the stem; hence, the present study was carried out to help in identification of this plant for the future references. The microscopical studies of stem revealed the presence of cluster crystals, nonglandular hairs, starch granules, lignified fibers, pitted wood parenchyma, trachides and lignified spiral and pitted xylem vessels.

Keywords

Tribulus terrestris, Zygophyllaceae, Pharmacognostical Study, Stem.

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Mamdouh N. Samy ¹, Mokhtar M. Bishr ², Ahmed A. Ahmed ³, Hanaa M. Sayed ⁴, Mohamed S. Kamel ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia University, Minia 61519, EG
2 Research and Development Department, Mepaco Company, Cairo, 11361,, EG
3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Minia University, Minia 61519, EG
4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, EG
5 Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia University, Minia 61519, IN

Abstract

Tribulus terrestris L. (family Zygophyllaceae) is a prostrate branched herb. The stems have monopodial branching and carry opposite compound paripinnate leaves and yellow simple flowers. The fruit is schizocarpic. The present paper deals with comprehensive pharmacognostical studies on leaf part of this plant, including macroscopical and microscopical studies and preliminary examination of leaf powder. This will help in the identification of powder drug prior using in any herbal formulations.

Keywords

Tribulus terrestris, Zygophyllaceae, Pharmacognostical Study, Leaf.

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Mamdouh N. Samy ¹, Mokhtar M. Bishr ², Ahmed A. Ahmed ³, Mohamed S. Kamel ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia University, Minia 61519, EG
2 Research and Development Department, Mepaco Company, Cairo, 11361, EG
3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Minia University, Minia 61519, EG
4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia University, Minia 61519, IN

Abstract

From the aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris, a new steroidal saponin, Diosgenin 3-O-[{α -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)} {α -L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1→4)}]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside namely tribulin has been isolated together with six known compounds; scoparon, campesterol, stigmasterol, βsitosterol, Diosgenin 3-O-[{α -Lrhamnopyranosyl-( 1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside and D-(+)-pinitol. The structure of the new saponin was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including 1D-NMR and mass spectroscopy (EI-MS) and chemical reactions.

Keywords

Tribulus terrestris, Zygophyllaceae, Steroidal Saponin, Tribulin.

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John Refaat ¹, Mohamed S. Kamel ², Mahmoud A. Ramadan ³

Affiliations
1 Pharmacognosy Department, Minia University, 61519, Minia, EG
2 Pharmacognosy Department, Minia University, 61519 Minia, EG
3 Pharmacognosy Department, Assiut University, 71515 Assiut, EG

Abstract

Many Crinum species are traditionally used in different parts of the world for various local pains, inflammatory processes and microbial infections. In the present study, the total ethanolic extracts of C. augustum Rox. bulbs and C. asiaticum L. leaves were fractionated separately into five fractions each. The resulting fractions (400 mg/Kg, orally) of the total extract of C. augustum Rox. bulbs were evaluated for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice using the hot plate and carrageenan-induced paw oedema tests versus acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) (100 mg/Kg, orally) and indomethacin (15 mg/Kg, orally), respectively. Fractions II, III and ASA showed the highest analgesic effects, whereas; II, III, IV and indomethacin were the highest antiinflammatory ones at that tested doses. On the other hand, a comparative study of the antimicrobial activities of the total extracts of both plants together with their fractions (at 5, 10 and 50 mg/ml) showed inhibitory effects on S. aureus and E. coli, especially at 50 mg/ml. In addition, the per oral LD₅₀ of the total extract of C. augustum Rox. bulbs were determined to be 1.6 g/Kg in mice.

Keywords

Acute Toxicity, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Crinum.

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John Refaat ¹, Mohamed S. Kamel ², Mahmoud A. Ramadan ³, Ahmed A. Ali ³

Affiliations
1 Pharmacognosy Department, Minia University, 61519 Minia, EG
2 Pharmacognosy Department, Minia University, 61519 Minia, EG
3 Pharmacognosy Department, Assiut University, 71515 Assiut, EG

Abstract

From the lipid fraction of Crinum asiaticum L. leaves, six saturated straight chain hydrocarbons, two sterols as well as thirteen fatty acids were isolated and identified. The isolation and identification of these compounds were based on GLC/MS technique. Most of these compounds are reported here for the first time either in this species or in Crinums generally. On the other hand, GLC/MS analysis of the volatile oil of its flowers, for the first time among Crinums, resulted in the isolation of ten components, eight of which were identified. Unsaturated fatty acids and phenols were found to prevail in the leaves and flowers' volatiles, respectively.

Keywords

Amaryllidaceae, Crinum asiaticum, Fatty Acids, GC/MS, Volatile Oils.

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