Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology

Venkatesh Gavini ¹, M. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, P. Kiran Kumar ¹, D. L. Radhika ¹

Affiliations
1 Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deshmukhi, Nalgonda- 508284, IN

Abstract

Stavudine (D4T, thymidine) is an FDA-approved drug for clinical use in the treatment of HIV infection, AIDS and AIDS-related conditions either alone or in combination with other antiviral agents. The stavudine has a very short half life (0.8 to 1.5hr) with rapid absorption. The side effects of stavudine are dose dependent and a reduction of the total administered dose reduces the severity of the toxicity. Stavudine is typically administered orally as a capsule and oral solution. Dosage forms that are retained in the stomach would increase the absorption, improve drug efficiency and decrease dose requirements. The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate mucoadhesive microspheres of stavudine using a combination of sodium alginate with hydrophilic mucoadhesive polymers like carbopol 934 and chitosan. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for preformulation and post-formulation parameters. The prepared microspheres were found to be spherical, discrete and free flowing. The surface was found to be rough due to the entrapment of some part of the drug on the surface of the microspheres. The particle size was found to be in the range of 806.19 μm to 842.37 μm. The percentage encapsulation efficiency was found to be in the rage of 94.92 % to 98.16%. All the microspheres showed good mucoadhesive property with optimum swelling index. The in-vitro drug release was found to be in the range of 94.57% to 97.95% at the end of 12th hour. All the studies concluded that carbopol mucoadhesive microspheres are better than chitosan mucoadhesive microspheres loaded with stavudine in all the evaluated parameters.

Keywords

Mucoadhesive Microspheres, Controlled Release, Mucoadhesive Polymers, Stavudine, Sodium Alginate.

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Venkatesh Gavini ¹, M. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, P. Kiran Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deshmukhi, Nalgonda-508284, IN

Abstract

Over the past few years, development of targeted nanoparticles showed an enormous impact on the treatment of primary and advanced metastatic tumours. These nanoparticles can deliver drugs at a sustained rate directly to cancer cells which provide better therapy by lowering dose and thereby toxicity. Recently, albumin based nanoparticles have attained much attention owing to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and the ability to deliver a wide range of drugs. The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate albumin nanoparticles containing 5-Fluorouracil.

The albumin nanoparticles containing 5-Fluorouracil were prepared by coacervation method with different concentrations of drug and polymer. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized for their pre-formulation and post formulation parameters.

The mean particle size of the selected batch was found to be 441.5 nm and surface charge was -30.3 mV. The drug loading capacity of the nanoparticles were in the rage of 7.87% to 21.28%. In vitro release of all formulations showed a biphasic release pattern with an initial burst effect followed by a sustained release up to 24 hrs in pH 7.4 phosphate buffers.

Finally it can be concluded that the formulated nanoparticulate delivery system of 5-Fluorouracil was capable of exhibiting sustained release action for a period of 24 hours. This reduces the amount of drug to be administered along with frequency of dosing, thereby minimizing the systemic side effects, improve bioavailability and thereby increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug.

Keywords

5-Fluorouracil, Albumin Nanoparticles, Cancer, Sustained Release.

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Mohan Krishna Lokireddy ¹, P. Jayachandra Reddy ², M. Srinivasa Murthy ¹

Affiliations
1 Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deshmukhi, Nalgonda, Andhrapradesh, IN
2 Krishna Teja Pharmacy College, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

Two simple and sensitive visible spectrophotometric methods (A and B) have been developed for the determination of Amphotericin B (AMP) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the Method A was developed based on the formation of a colored condensation reaction with p-dimethyl amino cinnamaldehyde (PDAC) under acidic conditions (λmax 490 nm), and method B based on the oxidative coupling reaction with DCQC (2,6-dichloroquinone N-chlorimide) (λmax 530nm) . Beer's law limits, precision and accuracy of these methods are checked by the UV reference method. The results obtained are reproducible and are statistically validated and so found to be suitable for the assay of in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.

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