Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

Vyomesh Kumar Gupta ¹, Abhishek Nandan ², Prasenjit Mandal ²

Affiliations
1 M Tech Disaster Management, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, IN
2 Department of Health, Safety and Environment, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, IN

Abstract

A Life Cycle Assessment study involves the collection, assessment and interpretation of data from an environmental perspective over a product’s life cycle (production, use, and end of life). Studies can evaluate entire product life cycle, often referred to as cradle-to-gate. The ISO 14040 series of standards contain the international standards for LCA. This work presents an evaluation of life cycle energy balance and net environmental impacts of naphtha production using Life Cycle Assessment as a tool. In this study the naphtha is produced from crude oil at Switzerland refinery. In this study, the impact assessment method Eco-Indicator 99 is used to model the results. The results obtained allowed to characterize the main environment impacts associated with naphtha production from crude oil and then analyzing the results.

Keywords

Life Cycle Assessment, Naphtha, Eco-Indicator 99, Crude Oil etc.

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Angaluri Arun Shourie ¹, Abhishek Nandan ²

Affiliations
1 M. Tech Health Safety and Environment, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, IN
2 Department of Health Safety and Environment, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS) is one of the simplest inclusive hazard communication systems by which worker gets informed about the workplace hazards proactively, thereby receives appropriate training to work safely. The system therefore creates a safer workplace by making workers aware of hazards as a means of quick and emergency access relatively. The system is to reduce the likelihood of exposure of workers from workplace injuries, illness and accidents by proactive information through cautionary labels and symbols (with the perspective of layman) of hazards, adequate (PPE) personnel protective equipment, appropriate fire extinguishing media. This can be achieved by management commitment via communicating and displaying HMIS at the notice boards and giving training to the workers for ensuring better and safer workplace. This system is one of the attempts for the safe management of hazardous chemicals in the workplace by providing a user-friendly interface to vendors, clients and employees.

Keywords

Hazard Communication, Training, Workplace Hazards, Cautionary Labels and Symbols, Quick and Emergency Access, etc.

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Abhishek Nandan ¹, Nihal Anwar Siddiqui ¹, Prasenjit Mondal ¹, Kanishak Chaudhary ¹, Rishi Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Health Safety and Environment, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

Fire and explosion hazards in gasification plants include releases of flammable materials. The distinction between fire and explosion scenarios is often whether the fuel ignites promptly upon release or has delayed ignition. Prompt ignition prevents formation of a flammable vapor cloud and, thereby, averts a VCE. Synthesis gas contains a significant amount of hydrogen, a fuel that is easily ignited. Industry experience with accidental releases of synthesis gas has been that it promptly ignites. Synthesis gas also contains significant amount of carbon monoxide which is a toxic gas and can have adverse health effect on workers. After reviewing the previous accident data for synthesis gas, carbon monoxide and hydrogen to estimate the hazards caused by accidental release no instances of synthesis gas VCEs were found in literature; however, numerous test and accidents were reported for hydrogen. Therefore taking in consideration the effects of hydrogen and carbon monoxide we have mentioned the mitigation measures to be followed to reduce the probablity of hazards caused by synthesis gas release.

Keywords

Syngas, Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Mitigation Measures For Hazards Related to Syngas.

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U. Priyanka ¹, Abhishek Nandan ²

Affiliations
1 Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam A.P., IN
2 University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in interest in biodegradable materials for use in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and other areas. Polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene are largely used in the manufacture of plastics which are not degradable for several hundred years. But the point is that even though they take thousands of years, they are eventually decomposed which means that there exist some microbes which can degrade plastic. If these microbes are genetically manipulated and made to degrade polythene (plastic) at a faster rate, it would be a novel technique to solve the global waste crisis. Example: Streptomyces sps.

While these are various techniques to degrade the synthetic plastics, there are some methods to produce biodegradable polymers which can be easily decomposed by microbes on disposal. These polymers are made out of naturally occurring materials such as starch, cellulose, lactic acid and fiber, extracted from various types of plants. Biopolymers limit carbon dioxide emissions during creation, and degrade to organic matter after disposal but this does not mean that all the biopolymers should be completely biodegradable. However, microbial consumption of polymers is available through addition of hydrophilic type additives onto the surface of the polymer chains. These types of additives are readily available and are used worldwide. For example, Polylactic acid (PLA) is a 100% compostable biopolymer which can fully degrade above 60°C in an industrial composting facility.

Biodegradable plastics are scientifically sound, and a novel idea, but the infrastructure needed to commercially expand their use is still costly, and inconvenient to develop. Time is of the essence for biodegradable polymer development, as society's current views on environmental responsibility make this an ideal time for further growth of biopolymers..

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