Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology

Saad Talib Hasson ¹, Sura Jasim ²

Affiliations
1 Dean of Al-Musyab College for Engineering and Technology, University of Babylon, IQ
2 College of Sciences, University of Babylon, IQ

Abstract

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is one of the essential required wireless networks in this era. The routing process is one of the most important challenges that faces the designers and the managers of such networks. While, the performance evaluation is the main process that must be controlled in order to test, improve and develop any new or available MANET. This network’s performance can be measured using many metrics such as throughput, delay, overhead, etc. This paper represents a behavioral study for certain MANET Routing protocols using OPNET Modeler with respect to three performance metrics (Throughput, Routing Overhead and Delay). Different scenarios with different number of nodes (network size) and different network area size were applied and implemented. Three routing protocols namley (Adhoc On-Demand Distance (AODV), Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) and Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP)) were used and applied in this study.

Keywords

MANET, OPNET, AODV, OLSR, GRP, Throughput, Delay, Routing Overhead.

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Saad Talib Hasson ¹, Al-Motairy Jullanar Ali ¹, Luay Habeeb Hashim ¹, Zainab Saad Talib ²

Affiliations
1 University of Babylon, IQ
2 University of Kerbala, IQ

Abstract

Computer Simulation and Modeling techniques were used successfully to represent and propose an Optimum resource allocation problem in many field and applications. In wireless communication networks these techniques can be applied in the field of developing and controlling the available paths, power control, coverage area, delay, and delivery guarantee. In this study the main objective function is to indicate the optimum location of the wireless network stations to maximize the throughput, minimize delay, reduce path loss information, increase the coverage area and minimize the total network costs. The network performance must not exceed the limitation constraints under the required feasible standard quality of service. The modeling results showed good indications and gave a suitable guide to build, extend or develop such networks.

Keywords

Wireless, Network Station, Modeling, Computer Simulation.

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Saad Talib Hasson ¹, Enass Fadil ²

Affiliations
1 University of Babylon, College of Sciences, IQ
2 University of Babylon, College of Sciencesq, IQ

Abstract

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) was defined as a set of mobile nodes that moved freely and connected among each other without any infrastructure or administrator control. Each node contains a kind of queuing system like buffer used it to serve the arriving packets that reached to the busy node. The packets reaches each node in certain sequence. The number of received (arriving packets) per unit time is called “ arrival rate”. The average rate or the average time between any two successive packets is called the inter- arrival time and follow certain statistical distributions. The node will serve the packets according to certain mechanism (discipline) like drop tail.

The effects of the service mechanism on the behavior of the MANET was studied and tested. Many queuing theory parameters were used to study and analyze the behavior of the MANETs. A mathematical model was built and implemented to estimate the optimal number of nodes required to be deployed in each new designed MANETs environment.

Keywords

MANET, NS-2, DropTail, Mobility Model, Queuing, DSDV, Mathematical Model.

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Saad Talib Hasson ¹, Mohammad H. Husain ²

Affiliations
1 College of Sciences, University of Babylon, IQ
2 University of Babylon, IQ

Abstract

In this paper, a new version of the traffic generator script “cbrgen.tcl” to the Network Simulator (NS-2) was developed and applied in many simulation experiments. The main objective of this paper was to study the impacts of varying the transmitted (sent) data rate for the CBR and TCP traffic under varying number of nodes. The performance of MANETs traffic pattern was evaluated with respect to the quantitative metrics such as PDF, packet loss, throughput, end to end delay and NRL. As a result of this study with the comparative performance between the different data rates of CBR and TCP traffic over varying number of nodes shows a better performance in smaller rates.

Keywords

MANET, Performance Metrics, Traffic Generator, TCP, CBR.

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Saad Talib Hasson ¹, Alaa Taima ¹

Affiliations
1 Computer Sciences Department, University of Babylon, IQ

Abstract

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous, self-configuring network of mobile nodes that can be formed without the need of any pre-established infrastructure or centralized administration. MANETs are extremely flexible and each node is free to move independently, in any random direction. Each node in the MANET maintains continuously the information required to properly route traffic. This paper presents a simulation study to analyze and evaluate the behavior of the MANET with AODV routing protocol by testing four mobility models (i.e. Waypoint(RWP), Reference Point Group Model (RPGM), Gauss Markov Model (GMM) and Manhattan Grid Model (MGM)).

Several performance metrics (Throughput, Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), Average End-to-end Delay (AED),Normalize Routing Load (NRL) and packets loss) were suggested as a measuring tool to be used in the comparison stage for all these four mobility models using NS- 2.Various parameters such as different number of nodes, different speeds, different pause times, different environment areas and different traffic rates were also used in five suggested scenarios. The results indicated that the best performance of AODV routing protocol is with RPGM mobility model than other mobility models.

Keywords

MANET, AODV, RWP, RPGM, GMM, MGM, Performance Evaluation.

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Saad Talib Hasson ¹, Alyaa A. Al-Monaa’Em Al-Najar ²

Affiliations
1 Computer Science Department, College of Sciences, University of Babylon, IQ
2 University of Babylon, IQ

Abstract

Recently Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) takes interesting researches due to there important and crucial applications. WSNs have limited energy so all researches focused in designing routing algorithms to save energy and to make each one operating for longer possible time. Based Random Efficient Energy (BREERA) is one of WSNs routing algorithms saved energy of the whole network because its sensor nodes needn’t to know any information about their sensor nodes neighbors. This paper suggests two approaches to modify the performance of the routing algorithm BREERA and make a comparison between the performance of the original BREERA and the performance of the modified BREERA. The first suggested method was called weights method which improved the performance of BREERA with the average received messages, lost messages, PDF, and average total energy. Weights method used two cases of energy weights (w1= 0.1 and w1= 0.8). With the value of the energy weight equal to 0.1 obtained higher received messages average, higher PDF average, less lost messages average and less died nodes average. While with the value of the energy weight equal to 0.8, a higher total energy was obtained. The second suggested approach is to limit the number of members for each cluster head which improves the performance of BREERA in received messages, lost messages, died nodes, PDF and total energy .The simulator Net Logo version 4.1.3 was used to design the simulation program of the routing algorithm BREERA.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Clustering, BREERA, PDF.

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