Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

Zhi Zhou ¹, Ying Huang ², Li Zhao ¹, Anqiang Jia ³

Affiliations
1 College of Land Resources, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, CN
2 Economics and Management, Wuhan University of Engineering Science, Wuhan, 430200, CN
3 Department of Engineering Technology and Surveying Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, US

Abstract

The types and quality of services are provided to humans by ecosystems vary widely across the earth's landscapes. As human population increases, people are placing increasing importance on ecosystem services and the topic has moved to the forefront of human concerns. This paper analyses regional differences in the functioning of ecosystem services related to land-and-water resources based on panel data collected in 2011 and establishes an index system that can be used to evaluate the functioning of ecosystem services. Furthermore, 31 regions were clustered and compared using an evaluation matrix that considers the current level and pace of economic development in those regions. First, results show that a certain level of spatial heterogeneity exists among the ecosystem services provided by land-and-water resources in different regions of China; this heterogeneity is closely connected with the current conditions and speed of economic development. Second, the services provided by ecosystems appear to function and perform better in north, east and northeast China, in areas with stronger economic development, but a limited history of past development. Finally, ecosystem services perform poorly in north China, south China, Tibet, and northwest and southwest China in areas that exhibit different speeds of economic development.

Keywords

Comprehensive Evaluation, Ecosystem Service Function, Spatial Heterogeneity, Land-and-Water Resources.

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Han Gu ¹, Wen Yu Zheng ¹, Da Wei Xu ¹, Ying Huang ², Li Yuan Zheng ³, Jian Ma ⁴

Affiliations
1 Postdoctoral Program of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, CN
2 College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, CN
3 Northeast Forestry University Library, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, CN
4 Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, US

Abstract

Urban green space, as an important component of an urban ecosystem, plays an important role in improving the urban living environment, maintaining ecological balance and reducing carbon dioxide concentration. Few studies are focused on carbon dioxide emissions in urban green spaces of cold regions. To thoroughly understand the temporal and spatial variation laws of carbon dioxide concentration and its influencing factors in urban green spaces in cold regions, a LI-COR LI-840 non-dispersive infrared gas analyser was used to explore the variations in the carbon dioxide concentrations of different plant community green spaces at the syringa Park in Qunli New District of Harbin and their influencing factors. Diurnal variation, seasonal variation, annual dynamics, and temporal and spatial distributions of carbon dioxide concentration in the growing season of four types of park green spaces, namely, larix, birch, syringa, and grassland communities, were observed through experiments. Air temperature, surface temperature, air humidity, and atmospheric pressure in the four types of green spaces were measured to further analyse the correlation among the diurnal variation of carbon dioxide concentration, seasonal variation of carbon dioxide concentration, and the corresponding factors of different vegetation types in parks. Moreover, the annual regression equation of carbon dioxide concentration was established. Results show that the carbon dioxide concentration in different community green spaces exhibits an obvious diurnal variation and a tendency of decreasing first and then increasing over time. The seasonal dynamics of carbon dioxide concentration in different types of park green spaces are different. The carbon dioxide concentration of the larix green space is the lowest (dynamics), whereas that of the grassland space is the highest (357.17±30.18 μmol/mol). The larix seasonal dynamics demonstrates the change with the seasons, from highest to lowest as autumn>spring>summer. Temperature is the main controlling factor that affects the variation in carbon dioxide concentration in the growing season. The carbon dioxide concentrations of larix, birch, syringa and grassland show a highly significant positive correlation with surface and air temperatures. A significantly positive correlation is also observed between atmospheric pressure and variation in carbon dioxide concentration in larix and birch. This study provides data reference and support for spatial ecological planning and layout and the selection of plants in urban park green spaces.

Keywords

Carbon Dioxide, Green Ecological Benefit, Urban Green Space, Temperature, Winter Cities.

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