Abstract Views :138 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Government Polytechnic for Women, Kadapa-516 002, A.P., IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, J.N.T.U. College of Engineering, Anantapur-515 002, A.P., IN
3 Vaagdevi Institute of Technology and Science, Proddatur-516 360, A.P., IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 8, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 789-799
Abstract
Presence of excess fluoride in water causes health hazards to humans and animals. Presence of fluoride in exceeding limits and its related problems to drinking water prevailing in many parts of India are well presented. Like any other pollutant, fluoride pollution can also occur due to, both natural and man-made sources. Fluoride in drinking water is known for both beneficial in detrimental effects on human health. Many solutions to solve fluoride problems have been recommended. Fluoride from water or wastewater can be removed by precipitation, adsorption and ion exchange methods. The ion exchange/adsorption process can be applied for fluoride removal under certain conditions. The method amenable for a given condition needs to be carefully selected keeping various aspects in mind. The paper presents the current knowledge of fluoride in environment including chemistry of fluoride, fluorides in the Indian scenario, effects of fluoride, and available methods of defluoridation.
Keywords
Fluoride, Dental Caries, Dental Fluorosis, Skeletal Fluorosis, Fluoride Removal.
Full Text
