Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

S. N. Ramaiah ¹, G. S. Gopalakrishna ², S. Srinivasa Vittala ¹, K. Md. Najeeb ³

Affiliations
1 Central Ground Water Board (MoWR, Govt. of India), Kerala Region, Trivandrum, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Earth Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, IN
3 Central Ground Water Board (MoWR, Govt. of India), South-Western Region, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

The search for new groundwater resources is essential to sustained economic development in arid environment. The study area is part of Ponnaiyar river basin falling between N latitude of 12°48'24" to 13°07'06' and E longitude of 77°50'30" to 78°08'15" falls in Survey of India toposheets 57 G/16, 57 H/13, 57 K/4 and 57 L/1 covering an area of 645 km2 in Kolar District, which is highly drought prone in Karnataka State, India. In the present paper, by a methodological approach based on remote sensing and GIS, drainage and hydrogeomorphological maps were prepared using the IRS-1 C&1 D LISS-III and PAN merged satellite data and geomorphic units. Denudational hill, residual hill, inselberg, pediment inselberg complex, pediment, shallow weathered pediplain, moderately weathered pediplain and valley fill shallow were identified. The area is characterised by undulating terrain interspersed by low ranges of rocky hills. The elevation ranges from 860 m to 1127 m above MSL. The mean annual rainfall of Malur is 722.0mm. The River Dhakshina Pinakini and Markarda Halla drain the area. The streams exhibit dendritic to sub dendritic type of drainage pattern and comprise of granite and gneissic rock formations of Achaean age. On the basis of different geomorphic units, four categories of groundwater potential zones were delineated as (i) very good to good (ii) good to moderate (iii) moderate to poor, and (iv) poor to very poor.

Keywords

Geomorphic Mapping, Ground Water Prospect Zones, Remote Sensing, GIS, Malur Taluk.

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S. N. Ramaiah ¹, G. S. Gopalakrishna ², S. Srinivasa Vittala ³, K. Md. Najeeb ³

Affiliations
1 Central Ground Water Board, MoWR, Kerala Region, Trivandrum, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, IN
3 Central Ground Water Board, MoWR, South-Western Region, Bangalore, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The study reveals that remote sensing and GIS techniques proved to be the competent tool in analysing various morphometric parameters. The drainage network of Kanamanahalli and Devaraguttahalli sub-basins were delineated using false colour composite (FCC) of IRS-1C/1D merged satellite data on 1:50,000 scale. SOI toposheets were used as reference with limited field work. The study area falls in Ponnaiyar river basin covering an area of 686 sq. km comprising two sub-basins namely Kanamanahalli and Devaraguttahalli having an area of 439 sq.km and 247 sq.km respectively in and around Malur taluk of Kolar district. The morphometric analysis of these two sub-basins shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Stream order ranges from first to sixth order. Drainage density varies between 1.57 and 1.88 km/km2 and has coarse to fine drainage texture. The relief ratio ranges from 0.0111 to 0.0117. The mean bifurcation ratio varies from 3.51 to 4.86 which fall under normal basin category. The elongation ratio shows that these sub-basins are associated with high relief and steep ground slopes.

Keywords

Kanamanahalli Sub-Basin, Devaraguttahalli Sub-Basin, Morphometric Analysis, Remote Sensing, GIS Technique.

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Nilufer Arshad ¹, G. S. Gopalakrishna ¹

Affiliations
1 DOS in Geology, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

In the management of water resources, variables which control the quality of water, are just as important as its quantity. Hydrochemical assessment of water quality of surface and groundwater for 58 samples was made during postmonsoon of 2007 from strategic locations in Husnur Taluk. Water quality data collected from different localities are used in conjunction with multivariate statistical technique to identify key variables. In surface, four components were extracted which account for 84.46% of the total variance. The first component shows that the EC and TDS play an important role in the hydrochemical constituents of the surface water. In groundwater samples, 5 components were extracted, which account for 95 % of the total variance. The maximum number of variables, i.e., Na, Cl, SO₄, TDS and EC were characterized by the first component and show that the hydrochemical constituents of groundwater are mainly controlled by the first component. The 'single dominance' nature fourth and fifth components in PCA indicate non-mixing or partial mixing of different types of groundwaters. The findings of the cluster analysis are presented in the form of dendogram of the sampling stations (cases) which produced three major groups.

Keywords

Water Quality, Groundwater, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Mysore District.

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