Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

B. Asha ¹, S. Elakkiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The requirement of milk and milk products is kept growing in steady rate, making a significant impact on the Indian agricultural domain. The dairy industries require large quantity of water for the purpose of washing of canes, machinery and floors, and the liquid waste in dairy originates from the manufacturing processes, utilities and service sections. The various sources of waste generation from a dairy are spilled milk, spoiled milk and skimmed milk whey. The objective of this study is to focus on finding out the optimal parameters for efficient biodegradation of organics in the dairy wastewater. An experimental setup was designed and fabricated, and made to comprehend the degree of wastewater stabilization in the form of COD at variable experimental conditions. The main characteristics of dairy waste streams were identified and the anaerobic degradation of the wastewater in the fixed film fixed bed reactor was carried out with operating condition of variable organic loading rates.

Keywords

Biodegradation, Dairy Wastewater, Organic Loading Rates, Hydraulic Retention Time, COD Removal.

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M. S. Sivakumar ¹, B. Asha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, T. N., IN

Abstract

Application of biofilm reactor containing mixed population of bacteria helps in bacterial immobilization as biofilm on a support medium in the reactor overcoming the problem of biomass washout. The characteristic of hydrodynamics behaviour is to help in better understanding and evaluating the performance of the reactor. After the start-up period, the experiment was conducted at five different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of (3.00, 1.50, 1.00, 0.75, 0.60) days. The COD reduction efficiency was observed from 66% to 84%. The average quantity of biogas generation (0.0238, 0.028, 0.0326, 0.0372) m³/kg COD was also observed.

Keywords

Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor, Dairy Wastewater, Biokinetic Effect.

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B. Asha ¹, V. Nehru Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, T.N., IN

Abstract

Diphasic anaerobic digesters have inherent advantages of exclusive process controls on the growth of microorganisms independently in acidogenic and methonogenic phases. A laboratory model of 15.0 liter effective volume with 2.5 liter of acidogenic reactor and 13.5 liter of methonogenic reactor was used to characterize the treatability of distillery wastewater. The model was run for varying concentrations of COD and influent rates to study the effect of organic loading rate in reducing the COD into harmless end products. The COD removal efficiency was found to vary from 17.67 to 26.19 % for varying organic loading rate (OLR) from 41.06 to 2.903 kg COD/m³/d for acidogenic reactor and 58.28 to 77.42% for varying OLR from 6.317 to 0.396 kg COD/m³/d for methanogenic reactor. The overall maximum COD removal was observed for 82.30% at an OLR of 2.903 kg COD/m³/d.

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