Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

M. Kiran Kumar ¹, G. Nagendrappa ², A. M. Shivanna ²

Affiliations
1 Forensic Science Laboratories, Madiwala, Bangalore, IN
2 Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Four water samples were collected following accepted procedures from each of the three lakes Agara, Hebbal and Madiwala at different locations during the dry season month of February 2009 and rainy season month of July 2008. The levels of heavy and toxic metals As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn were determined using ICP-AES in sequential mode, and were found to be within the desirable and permissible limits. But the water samples of Hebbal and Agara lakes were found to be containing lead that was exceeding the desirable limit prescribed by WHO and Central Pollution Control Board and was more in the dry season samples than those in the rainy season. These two lakes are surrounded by motor ways leading to various parts of the country including the Ring road and National Highway-7, where there are heavy vehicular movements and are obvious major contributors in addition to those from multiplicities of urban developments.

Keywords

ICP-AES, Heavy Metal Ions, Bangalore Lakes, Water Pollution.

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A. M. Shivanna ¹, G. Nagendrappa ²

Affiliations
1 Kalpataru First Grade Science College, Tiptur-572 201, IN
2 Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore-570 006, Mysore, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Analysis of water quality of five tank water samples in Tiptur taluk through 18 physico-chemical parameters, namely WT, pH, DO, BOD, EC, TDS, TA, TH, CO₃^2-, HCO₃^-, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-, NO₃^-, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ was taken up during December 2010 to November 2012. A systematic calculation of correlation coefficient among these 18 physico-chemical parameters was carried out using Microsoft excel spreadsheet. A correlation coefficient of 1.00 was found between the TA-HCO₃^- pair in Eachanur and V. Mallenahalli samples and the pair is perfectly correlated, whereas, 'r' value was 0.99 in Halkurke and Honnavalli samples and 0.97 in Albur samples. EC and TDS were perfectly correlated in Halkurke samples and for the same pair 'r' value was 0.99 in Eachanur, V. Mallenahalli and Honnavalli samples, whereas it was 0.85 in Albur samples. BOD and PO₄^3-were perfectly correlated in Eachanur samples. When r > ± 0.5 was considered, a total of 22 positive and 3 negative correlations in Eachanur samples; 18 positive and 9 negative correlations in V. Mallenahalli samples; 31 positive and 2 negative correlations in Halkurke samples; 36 positive and 6 negative correlations in Honnavalli samples; and 18 positive and 5 negative correlations in Albur samples were found during the analysis. For a better interpretation of the results, the coefficient of determination was used in addition to 'r' value.

Keywords

Tank Water Samples, Tiptur Taluk, Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient of Determination.

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A. M. Shivanna ¹, G. Nagendrappa ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Kalpataru First Grade Science College, Tiptur, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Considering the impacts of agricultural runoff, domestic sewage and other anthropogenic activities on the quality of surface water, a physico-chemical study regarding water quality assessment of Halkurke tank and Honnavalli tank water samples belonging to Tiptur Tahsil was carried out for one year to know the seasonal variation and to assess water quality. In the present study, physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, TDS, TH, alkalinity, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and boron were estimated. To check the suitability of water for irrigation SAR, % Na, RSC and RSBC parameters were evaluated. The results revealed that the physico-chemical parameters were within the range prescribed by BIS for drinking purposes, but they were on the higher side. The values of pH were on mild alkaline side due to higher alkalinity. Higher values of SAR (5.68 and 4.19), EC (704 and 732.25μmhos/cm), RSC (4.3 and 2.81 meq/L) and Na% (72.38 and 62.71) pose salinity and permeability problems to soils and put the said water samples under medium quality for irrigation purposes. Since these tanks are the only sources to recharge the underground water of the area, groundwater quality of these regions will also be gradually affected.

Keywords

Water Quality, Halkurke Tank, Honnavalli Tank, Irrigation Water Quality, Drinking Water Standards.

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A. M. Shivanna ¹, C. Vijayabhaskar ², G. Nagendrappa ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Kalpataru First Grade Science College, Tiptur-572 202, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Sri Siddartha First Grade College, Tumkur, IN
3 Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, IN

Abstract

Physico-chemical properties of six selected tank waters of Tiptur taluk were examined for the suitability of water for irrigation purpose through pH, EC, CO₃^-2, HCO₃^-, Cl^-, SO₄^-2, PO₄^-3, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺², Mg⁺² and boron. The assessment of the samples was made in terms of salinity problem, sodium hazard, permeability (infiltration) problem and toxicity problem through the parameters EC, SAR, RSC, RSBC, % Na, chloride and boron content of water. These values were compared with the guidelines set by Ayers and Westcot, Eaton and Wilcox. Results of analysis showed that water of Vaddaramallenahalli tank has EC<0.2dSm^-1 and SAR 0-3meq/L and was not ideal for irrigation. Waters of the remaining five tanks, i.e., Eachanoor tank, Karadi tank, Halkurke tank, Honnavalli tank and Albur tank were falling into moderate class. No sample in the study area was ideal for irrigation.

Keywords

Water Quality, Irrigation Water, Sodium Hazard, Salinity Problem.

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