Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

Ishrath ¹, G. Prabhakar ¹, M. Raghavender ²

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Geology, P. G. College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 004, A. P., IN
2 Deptt. of Statistics, P. G. College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 004, IN

Abstract

Principal component analysis (PCA) of chemical variables of groundwater is used to interpret the relationship between the specific processes that control the quality of water. Groundwater samples were collected from Mianpur urban area, Hyderabad, and analysed for trace elements chemistry. The PCA separates the chemical variables into six principal components by HCO₃, Cl, NO₃, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn. The principal component-I shows the significance on cadmium. The principal component-II shows the significance on calcium, chromium and iron. Tin, chromium, copper, manganese and lead show the significance on PC-III, PC-IV, PC-V and PC-VI, which are ignored as these show very less significance on the elements. These three principal components are identified with the processes of salinity, alkalinity and pollution, which are considered as lithologically and non-lithologically controlled factors. Identification of the zones helps to take appropriate management measures to improve quality of groundwater for sustainable development of the area.

Keywords

Principal Component Analysis, Groundwater Assessment, Mianpur Urban Area.

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Ishrath ¹, G. Prabhakar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Post Graduate College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 004, A.P., IN

Abstract

A detailed study on hydrochemistry of groundwater in Miyapur area, Ranga Reddy District, Andhra Pradesh, India has been carried out to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking purpose. The area, underlained by grey and pink granites of granitoid complex, is associated with profused injections of aplite and fine grained quartzo felspathic veins and pegmatites basic intrusives, which include dolerite, gabbro and pyroxenite, cut across rocks in the study area. Red sandy soils and laterite soils are major soil types in this area. Twenty groundwater samples have been collected from bore wells during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons of the year 2008. The samples were analysed for various water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations like calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and anions like chloride, nitrate, fluoride and sulphate. The physicochemical parameters have been compared with the standard guideline values as recommended by WHO and BIS for drinking and public health. It is observed that the pH value is not exceeding the excessive limits in both premonsoon and postmonsoon. Overall, the samples of premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons are not exceeding the excessive limits of calcium. All the samples of both premonsoon and postmonsoon are exceeding the excessive limits of magnesium, which indicates that the water is becoming hard due to the pollutants coming out from the industries. Sodium and potassium indicates increase in levels of sodium in groundwater due to percolation from sodium and potassium bearing minerals. Anions like chloride in all the samples are not exceeding the permissible limits. The concentration of nitrate is above permissible limits. The concentration of fluoride is below permissible limits in postmonsoon. Sulphate concentration is less than permissible limit in all the samples of premonsoon and postmonsoon.

Keywords

Miyapur Area, Groundwater Quality, Hydrochemistry, Drinking Water.

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