Journal of Scientific and Technical Research (Sharda University, Noida)

Usman Lawal Usman ¹, Samreen Sajad ², Neksumi Musa ², Sushmita Banerjee ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, NG
2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Wastewater treatment has become a global concern issue of fundamental significance surrounding the most recent approaches that describe the techniques environmentalist and conservationist used. Recently, the development of green mediated nanomaterials for the water purification has turn out to be a major focus for researchers. This is due to the ecological friendly nature, cost effective and simple processing of the techniques. One of the most considered techniques is the fabrication of the metal and metal oxides nanomaterials using organisms. Amongst these organisms, plant is considered to be the best materials which can be biosynthesize in large scale for industrial application. Biosynthesis of the metal and metal oxide nanomaterials using plant is more stable and yield faster production than in the microorganisms. Rising preference in the investigation of biosynthesis materials using plants and plants derivatives by several researchers’ to comprehend the mechanisms of metals and metal oxides uptake, formation and bioreduction in plants is as a result of the several merits shown by the plants. The present review highlighted the fundamental procedures and mechanisms of plants mediated biosynthesis techniques, particularly on the metal and metal oxides synthesis using plant extracts. Similarly, the functions of some of the biological components, that’s the essential phytochemicals such as alkaloids, aldehydes, terpenoids, amides and flavonoids which serve as solvent systems and reducing agent has been discussed. The toxicity and stability of the nanomaterials and their related surface structural techniques to achieved biocompatibility are also highlighted. Lastly, several applications of the biosynthesized nanomaterials for the water and wastewater purification and the mechanisms prevailing green nanoparticles fabrication along with the interactions on degradation of dye and removal of heavy metals have been highlighted as well as their associated efficiency.

Keywords

Adsorption, Metals, Metal Oxides, Nanomaterials, Plant Synthesis, Wastewater.

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