Journal of Surface Science and Technology

P. Sakthivel ¹, S. Karuppuchamy ¹, G. Paruthimal Kalaignan ¹, T. Vasudevan ¹, Natheera Begam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The effect of some organic additives on the capacity performance of pressed pellet and sintered plate type cadmium electrodes has been studied. The additives under investigation are benzimidazole and polyvinyl alcohol. The organic electrode additives for the cadmium electrode of the nickel-cadmium battery is aimed mainly for increasing the discharge capacity and minimising the self discharge. It is found that pressed electrode can be used for low rates of discharge whereas the sintered electrodes can be used for both low and high rates of discharge. It is found that pressed electrode can be used for low rates of discharge whereas the sintered electrodes can be used for both low and high rates of discharge. The organic additive sources show better low and high rate performance for sintered cadmium electrodes.

Keywords

Nickel-Cadmium Batteries, Cadmium electrode, Organic additives.

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S. Karthikeyan ¹, S. Karuppuchamy ¹, A. P. Sakthivel ¹, T. Vasudevan ¹, K. N. Srinivasan ¹, S. John ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Detailed dicussion of electroless nickel processes in terms of electrolyte compositions and electroless deposition conditions are reviewed. Electroless deposition of Ni-P, Ni-B, Ni-P-B and their composites with solid particles (SiC, Al₂O₃, Boron, Diamond and PTFE) are considered. Properties of the composites such as micro hardness, wear resistance, friction and corrosion resistance are discussed in terms of coating composition and structure based on literature information.

Keywords

Electroless, Composites, Microhardness, Corrosion Resistance.

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R. Shivkumar ¹, G. Paruthimal Kalaignan ¹, T. Vasudevan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The effects of small additions of Bi₂O₃, SeO₂ and SnO₂ to the porous zinc electrode have been evaluated through cyclic voltametry, potentiodynamic polarization, A. C. impedance technique, solution analysis and porosity measurements. Though the additive Bi₂O₃ has the better ageing behaviour, it suffers from bulging and shape change - a serious setback for use in batteries and hence not recommended. 2% SeO₂, composition has better corrosion and ageing behaviour compared to SnO₂ additive. Bi₂O₃ and SeO₂ follow the same mechanism for the dissolution reaction, while SnO₂, with two additional peaks follows a different mechanism. A detailed analysis of the results obtained with the electrodes are presented in this paper to choose the better electrode additive for secondary alkaline batteries.

Keywords

Ageing, Alkaline, Additives, Secondary, Zinc.

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B. Muralidharan ¹, S. Alwarappan ¹, T. Vasudevan ¹, S. Venkatakrishna Iyer ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 R. T. Lab, EEC Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The adsorption of C.I. Direct Black 1, a bisazo direct dye which is used for dyeing of cellulosic material, has been studied using a capillary electrometer from three different base electrolytes. The extent of adsorption is found to follow the order Na₂SO₄>NaNO₃>NaCl. All the other adsorption characteristics are found to be almost similar. Its adsorption characteristics during dyeing on cotton from the three different base electrolytes have also been studied and the results are compared.

Keywords

C.I. Direct Black I, Adsorption, Electrocapillary Curves, Electrical Double Layer, Interface, Adsorption Isotherm.

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