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Sawant Badkar, Duradundi
- Study on Hardness and Microstructural Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy using Overlapped Multipass Laser Transformation Hardening under Optimized Test Conditions
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Authors
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1 School of Mechanical Engineering, SVERI’S College of Engineering, Gopalpur, Pandharpur – 413304, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, SVERI’S College of Engineering, Gopalpur, Pandharpur – 413304, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN
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Journal of Surface Science and Technology, Vol 35, No 3-4 (2019), Pagination: 82–96Abstract
In this research paper, overlapped multipass Laser Transformation Hardening (LTH) of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet of 2 mm thickness was analyzed experimentally for uniformly intense, CW spherical beam moving with constant speed using 2 kW Nd: YAG laser. Experiments were conducted for optimized two sets of laser process parameters: 1. High Laser Process Parameter (HLPP), Lp = 800 Watts, Ss = 3000 mm/min, Fp = -10 mm, with heat input 180 J/cm and 2. Low Laser Process Parameter (LLPP), Lp = 600 Watts, Ss = 2000 mm/min, Fp = -10 mm, with heat input 160 J/cm respectively having same Fp = -10 mm. The maximum, minimum and average hardened depths of 0.27, 0.19 and 0.23 mm respectively, achieved for HLPP were found to be minimum, as compared to the maximum, minimum and average hardened depths of 0.38, 0.29 and 0.33 mm, respectively, for LLPP. Measurements of Vickers micro-hardness survey of the hardened zone of the laser processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy are presented. Vickers micro-hardness of an as-received two-phase (α+β) Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is 328 HV. The results showed that Vickers micro-hardness on top of the surface (TS), in hardened or fusion zone (Fz), at the interface of Fz -Haz, in the heat affected zone (Haz) is higher than the bulk material. The high hardness values of 450 HV and 445 HV were investigated on the top surface for high and low laser process parameters respectively. This can be the quality characteristics of the dissolution of small amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon with hard martensite α’ (transformed β) formation, thereby ensuring an increase in wear resistance of laser treated hardened surface of Ti-6Al-4V considerably in relation to the untreated or base alloy.Keywords
Laser Transformation Hardening, Nd:YAG Laser, Overlapped, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ti-6Al-4V, Vickers Microhardness.
References
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Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. A. D. Shinde Institute of Technology, Guddai, Bhadgaon − 416502, Gadhinglaj, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, IN
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. A. D. Shinde Institute of Technology, Guddai, Bhadgaon − 416502, Gadhinglaj, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, IN
Source
Journal of Surface Science and Technology, Vol 35, No 3-4 (2019), Pagination: 97–106Abstract
In the presented study, the laser transformation hardening of commercially pure titanium sheet material of thickness being 1.6mm is investigated using CW, 1.6 kW solid State Nd: YAG laser. A Full Factorial Design (FFD) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to establish, optimize and to investigate the relationships of three laser transformation hardening process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and focused position on laser hardened bead profile parameters such as hardened bead width, hardened depth, heat input and power density. In this work, Laser Transformation Hardening (LTH) with high precision and an optimum desired minimum value of hardened depth of 241 microns has been accomplished with heat input = 150 J/cm and power density = 294.08 W/mm2 for the laser process parameters of lower beam power: 750 Watts, high scanning speed: 3000 mm/min and a defocused beam of –30 mm. Effects of laser process parameters on laser hardened bead geometries were carried out using RSM. Results indicate that the scanning speed has a positive effect on all hardened bead dimensions while the laser power has a positive effect particularly on hardened bead width as compared to hardened depth and heat input. The optimum laser hardening conditions are identified sequentially to minimise hardened depth, heat input, power density and maximum hardened bead width. The validation results demonstrate that the developed models are accurate with low percentages of error.Keywords
Analysis of Variance, Bead Geometry, Full Factorial Design, Laser Transformation Hardening, Response Surface Methodology.References
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