Journal of Surface Science and Technology

N. C. Kothiyal ¹, B. P. Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Regional Engg. College, Jalandhar 144027, IN

Abstract

Petroleum sulfonates synthesized from crude oil fractions of suitable boiling range are found to possess desirable physical and chemical properties required for chemical flooding process of tertiary oil recovery. This paper discusses the results of laboratory study conducted on petroleum sulfonates synthesized from some indigenous crudes (collected from ONGC oil fields, Gujarat, India). Petroleum sulfonates synthesized from different boiling range distillates of Sanand and Jhalora crudes were purified, dried, preserved and finally evaluated for their interfacial tension behaviour at benzene-aqueous surfactant interface. The study consists of changing surfactant concentration, electrolytes concentration and type, co-surfactant concentration and type and carbon chain length of the oil phase on interfacial tension behaviour. The indigenously synthesized products were also compared with that of a few known standard products such as SLS (Sodium lauryl sulfate, BDH Poole, England) and TRS 10-80 (Witco Company, USA). It has been observed that all the indigenously synthesized products generate comparable reduction in interfacial tension at similar concentration range. It is concluded that Sanand distillates with boiling range 495 to 580°F and Jhalora distillates with boiling ranges 500 to 765°F shows potential to yield the petroleurn sulfonates with low interfacial tension and hence can be useful for surfactant flooding process.

Keywords

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Original Oil in Place (OOIP), Interfacial Tension (IFT), Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), Isobutyl Alcohol (IBA), Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS).

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N. C. Kothiyal ¹, B. P. Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Dr B. R. Ambedkar Regional Engineering College, Jalandhar, 144 011, IN

Abstract

The present study deals with the synthesis, identification and evaluation of sodium petroleum sulfonates synthesized from two Indian crudes. The fractions of different boiling ranges were sulfonated using sulfuric acid and 20% oleum as sulfonating agent and the relationships were established between boiling range, sulfonate yield and quality of the product. The yield seems to depend upon the type of the sulfonating agent as well as on the ratio of the oil to sulfonating agent. The sulfonated products were identified by converting them into methyl esters. The methyl esters of the sulfonated products were compared with the esters of sodium naphthalene sulfonates by thin layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The sulfonates synthesised were evaluated for their surface and interfacial tension reduction power in aqueous media against benzene. The interfacial tension of indigeneously synthesised products were also compared with that of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and TRS 10-410 (a commercial product). The indigenously synthesised products have shown comparable reduction in interfacial tension.

Keywords

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Interfacial Tension (IFT), Iso propyl alcohol (IPA), Infrared (IR), Equivalent Weight (EW), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), TRS 10-410.

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B. P. Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GLA University, Mathura - 281406, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The electronic and transmission properties of N atom width (N: 4, 8, 12, 16)low-buckled (LB) armchair GaAs hydrogen (H) passivated nanoribbons (NA GaAs NRs) are studied with the help of first-principle theory. In low buckled armchair GaAs nanoribbon, quantum confinement effect is observed due to which all of the investigated NA GaAs NRs with H passivated are found to be semiconducting. The fundamental direct band gap at k-point Г (gamma) have been calculated, which exhibit interesting width dependent (N: 4~16) behaviour of bandgap. The H passivated edge of NA GaAs NRs with different width of nanoribbons provides great flexibility to modulate fundamental bandgap. The transmission coefficient is calculated from which thermal conductance has been calculated forall width of GaAs armchair nanoribbon.

Keywords

Armchair, Bandgap, Conductance, DFT, MGGA, Nanoribbon (NR), Transmission Coefficient.

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