Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Abstract

Purpose: Recently myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction leads to the serious consequences which cause increase in mortality and morbidity. In myocardial infarction there is permanent loss of cardiomyocytes which results an irreversible loss of cardiac function. Cardiac repair requires the replacement, restoration and regeneration of heart function. Conventional therapies such as revascularization, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) prevent the additional damage to heart muscle and also reduce the risk of future heart attack. However, there is need to develop a new therapy to improve the infracted area after the myocardial infarction and also to lower the mortality rate.

Approaches: The data were collected from various sources like journal articles, internet, textbooks, related materials in library and databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar and so on.

Findings: Stem cell-based therapy is found to be a much more promising therapy when compared to other available therapies. Stem cells therapy shows significantly improved heart function after myocardial infarction, therefore decline into heart failure.

Conclusion: Recently the interest is stem cell based therapies which provide the potential benefit and have ability to improve the cardiac function. In this review, we highlight the benefits of stem cells in cardiac repair.

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Abstract

Purpose: Drug interaction is a phenomenon that has to be thoroughly investigated in order to avoid adverse effects. This review article highlights the drug interaction of oral hypoglycemics by mechanism of cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition.

Approach: Published articles from PubMed and other sources were used to review and compile these drug interaction studies.

Findings: Drug interaction in oral hypoglycemics by mechanism of cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition can increase the risk of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients and hence dose adjustments may be required.

Conclusion: These drug interaction studies are essential for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus as it prevents the risk of occurrence of hypoglycemia. This information is also important for the prescribing physicians as dose alteration or alternate drugs need to administered in case of concomitant administration of drugs in case of polypharmacy.

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Abstract

Purpose: Sublingual drug delivery can be an alternative and better route when compared to oral drug delivery as sublingually administered dosage forms bypass hepatic metabolism. A rapid onset of pharmacological effect is often desired for some drugs, especially those used in the treatment of acute disorders. Sublingual tablets disintegrate rapidly and the small amount of saliva present is usually sufficient for achieving disintegration of the dosage form coupled with better dissolution and increased bioavailability.

Approach: Published articles from PubMed and other standard sources were utilized to review and compile an overview of sublingual tablets and the benefits of the sublingual route of administration.

Findings: Sublingual tablets were found to have better characteristics when compared to conventional dosage forms. Sublingually administered tablets achieved better bioavailability, rapid onset of action and better dissolution properties due to fast disintegration. The addition of super-disintegrants facilitated rapid disintegration and this approach can be used to treat acute disorders or emergency conditions.

Conclusion: Sublingual tablets or any sublingual dosage form can be used to achieve a rapid onset of action, better patient compliance and increased bioavailability. The sublingual route of administration can be used for drugs which undergo extensive first pass metabolism or degradation in the GIT. Drugs administered sublingually tend to have better bioavailability which correlates to dose reduction when compared to conventional oral tablets.

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