Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
Year
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Stevens, Christopher Portosa
- Ranking Forces of Nature by their Capacity to Generate Branching Patterns and its Relevance to the Sciences
Abstract Views :79 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Academic Affairs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA., US
1 Department of Academic Affairs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA., US
Source
Journal of Physics & Astronomy, Vol 11, No 2 (2023), Pagination: 01-08Abstract
I seek to investigate and show that it is possible to rank forces of nature by their capacity to generate branching patterns, and I seek to show the relevance of ranking forces of nature for the biological sciences, the physical sciences, and also computer science.Keywords
Forces of Physics, Branching Patterns, Cloning, Evolutionary Computing.Full Text
References
- Darwin, C. On the Origin of Species. New York: Barnes & Noble. 1859.
- Wallace AR. On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool.. 1858;3:53- 62.
- Wilson EO. Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Harvard University Press; 2000.
- Ohno S. Evolution by gene duplication. Springer Sci. Bus. Media; 2013.
- Cui L, Wall PK, Leebens-Mack JH, et al. Widespread genome duplications throughout the history of flowering plants. Genome res. 2006;16(6):738-49.
- Hughes AL. Gene duplication and the origin of novel proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2005;102(25):8791-2.
- Smith JM, Szathmary E. The major transitions in evolution. OUP Oxford; 1997.
- Maynard Smith J, Szathmáry E, Dover G. The origins of life: From the birth of life to the origin of language. Nature. 1999;399(6733):217.
- Wilson, E.O. The Diversity of Life. Cambridge: Belknap Press. 1992.
- Proctor M, Yeo P, Lack A. The natural history of pollination. HarperCollins Publ.; 1996.
- Mayr E. The growth of biological thought: Diversity, evolution, and inheritance. Harv. Univ. Press; 1982.
- Ollerton J. Flowering time and the Wallace effect. Heredity. 2005;95:181-2.
- National Academy of Sciences. Frequently asked Questions about Evolution and the Nature of Science, in Darwin, Texts, Commentary, 3 rd edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 1998.
- Stevens, C.P. The Branching Patterns of Human Evolution, and the Acceleration of Human Evolution. Unpublished manuscript. 2018.
- Hempel CG. Aspects of scientific explanation. New York: Free Press; 1965.
- Kuhn TS. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago (University of Chicago Press) 1962.
- Mayr E. Cause and effect in biology: Kinds of causes, predictability, and teleology are viewed by a practicing biologist. Science. 1961;134(3489):1501-6.
- Lightman, A. Discoveries. New York: Knopf Doubleday. 2005.
- Holt J. When Einstein walked with Gödel: Excursions to the edge of thought. Farrar, Straus and Giroux; 2018.
- Horgan, J. The End of Science. New York: Broadway. 1996.
- Forbes, N. Biologically inspired computing. Comput. Sci. Eng. 2000;2:83-87.
- Bongard, J. Biologically inspired computing. IEEE Comp. Soc. 2009;42: 95-98.
- Forrest S. Genetic algorithms: principles of natural selection applied to computation. Science. 1993;261(5123):872-8.
- Floreano D, Keller L. Evolution of adaptive behaviour in robots by means of Darwinian selection. PLoS biology. 2010;8(1):e1000292.
- Eiben AE, Smith J. From evolutionary computation to the evolution of things. Nature. 2015;521(7553):476-82.
- Physicalist Theories as Science and Physicalist Theories as Philosophy
Abstract Views :67 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Academic Affairs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA., US
1 Department of Academic Affairs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA., US
Source
Journal of Physics & Astronomy, Vol 11, No 3 (2023), Pagination: 01-10Abstract
Physicists and philosophers sometimes claim that all of the phenomena of the universe, as in “theories of everything,” are or should be explainable in terms of the elementary constituents of matter or elementary particles; I seek to show that physicalist theories that attempt to reduce “higher order” phenomena in chemistry, bio-chemistry, biology, and the neuroscience of mind, brain, and consciousness to explanations involving elementary particles are either untestable or not empirically valid; moreover, I seek to show that there are successful cases of reduction in science, such as in chemistry, bio-chemistry, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology including Darwinism, that do not necessarily involve or imply “physicalism” or the tenets of physicalist theories; I also seek to show that physicalist theories undermine and do not address the empirical and theoretical content of successful discoveries and theories at different levels of reality, and within and across different branches of science.Keywords
Elementary Particles, Penrose, Roger, Reductionism, Neuroscience, Written Languages, Moore’s Law, Graphical User Interfaces.Full Text
References
- Penrose R. On understanding. Int. Stud. Philos. Sci. 1997;11(1):7-20
- Crick F, Koch C. A framework for consciousness. Nature neuroscience. 2003;6(2):119-26.
- Tononi G. Consciousness as integrated information: a provisional manifesto. Biol. Bull. 2008;215(3):216-42.
- Boly M, Phillips C, Tshibanda L, et al. Intrinsic brain activity in altered states of consciousness: how conscious is the default mode of brain function?. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2008;1129(1):119-29.
- Darwin C. The origin of species: A variorum text. University of Pennsylvania Press; 2010.
- Wallace AR. Natural selection and tropical nature: Essays on descriptive and theoretical biology. Macmillan Co.; 1891.
- Hameroff SR, Penrose R. Conscious events as orchestrated space-time selections. J. conscious. stud. 1996;3(1):36-53.
- Hameroff S, Penrose R. Orchestrated reduction of quantum coherence in brain microtubules: A model for consciousness. Math. comput. simul. 1996;40(3-4):453-80.
- Portosa Stevens, C. Three Dimensional Venn diagram as an Explanation of Two Kinds of Generality in Science, Invention, & Engineering. 2021.
- American Physical Society. Einstein’s Quest for a Unified Theory. 2005.
- E. Witten. What every physicist should know about string theory. 2015. Physics Today
- Rorty R. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton university press; 2009.
- Quine. W.V. From a Logical Point of View. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1961
- Scupin R. Cultural anthropology: A global perspective. SAGE Publications; 2019.
- Kroeber AL. Configurations of culture growth. Univ of California Press; 1969.
- Hauser MD, Chomsky N, Fitch WT. The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?. science. 2002;298(5598):1569-79.
- Hymes DH. " In vain I tried to tell you": Essays in Native American Ethnopoetics. U of Nebraska Press; 2004.
- Morris CW. International Encyclopedia of Unified Science: Foundations of the Theory of Signs. University of Chicago Press; 1938.
- Massey, G. Reflections on the Unity of Science. Ann. Jpn. Assoc. Philos. Sci.1973;4:203-212.
- Little, D. Vienna Circle on Interdisciplinary Science. 2009
- Wittgenstein L. Tractatus logico-philosophicus. Edusp; 1994.
- Technological Growth as Exponential Growth, Democratic Theory as Cultural Diffusion, and Scientific Growth as Cumulation, Diffusion, and Innovation
Abstract Views :77 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Academic Affairs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, US
1 Department of Academic Affairs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, US
Source
Journal of Physics & Astronomy, Vol 11, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 1-14Abstract
I seek to evaluate popular claims that science and technology grow exponentially in democratic and non-democratic societies: This includes the capacity for science to grow exponentially and related questions of how to distinguish scientific growth from technological growth, including “Moore’s Law.” This paper seeks to place patterns of societal evolution in relation to each other, including scientific growth, technological growth, and how cultural diffusion and access to symbolic systems and media (access to Japanese or Chinese scripts, or Latin, Greek, or Arabic scripts, or GUIs) contribute to scientific growth and technological growth in democratic and non-democratic societies.
The paper includes a series of provocative thought experiments that seek to show that established knowledge of physics or other branches of science do not double every fifteen years to twenty years, or 20 years to 25 years, or at some other exponential rate of growth. I seek to show that the established knowledge of textbook physics, including the classical mechanics of Galileo and Newton, does not double every fifteen years to twenty years, and that, more generally, the established knowledge of different branches of science, including discoveries or sets of ideas that are considered revolutionary in nature, from Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, to Mendel’s Theory of the Particulate Nature of Genetic Inheritance, to Watson and Crick’s discovery of the double-helical structure of the DNA, does not double every fifteen years to twenty years.
Keywords
Exponential Growth, Moore's Law, Technology, Science, Culture, Democratic Societies, Non-Democratic Societies.Full Text
References
- Szalay, A. and J. Gray, “Science in an Exponential World.” Nature. 2006. 440:413-414.
- Wilson EO. Letters to a young scientist. WW Nort. Co. 2013.
- Lastres HM. The advanced materials revolution and the Japanese system of innovation Springer; 2016.
- Szalay FS and Sargis EJ. Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria. Geodiversitas, 2001;23(2):139-302.
- Godin B. Innovation without the word: William F. Ogburn’s contribution to the study of technological innovation. Minerva. 2010.48(3):277-307.
- Gell-Mann M. The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. Macmillan; 1995
- Denning PJ and Lewis TG. Exponential laws of computing growth. Commun. ACM. 2016. 20;60(1):54-65.
- Balakrishnan A. Analysis and optimization of global interconnects for many-core architectures (Doctoral dissertation, Ga. Inst. Technol.
- Schaller B and Stough R. The origin, nature, and implications of Moore’s Law. 1996.
- Ratnesh RK, Goel A, Kaushik G, at al. Advancement and challenges in MOSFET scaling. Materials Sci. Semicond. Process, 2021 1;134.
- Courtland, R. 2015. “The Man Whose Name Means Progress.” (Interview with Gordon E. Moore) IEEE Spectrum.
- Dubash, M. “‘Moore’s Law is Dead’, says Gordon Moore.” TechWorld.2010
- Lewis and Denning, supra note 6.
- Dubash, supra note 11.
- Adams. H. “The Law of Acceleration,” in the Education of Henry Adams. New York: Mariner Books. 2000 (1907)
- Rouse WB. Universities as complex enterprises: How academia works, why it works these ways, and where the university enterprise is headed. John Wiley Sons; 2016.
- Eldredge N, Gould SJ. On punctuated equilibria. Science. 1997;276(5311):337-41.
- Friedman TL. The World is Flat New York: Farrar. Straus, and Giroux. 2005;266.
- Haque, U. The New Paradigm of Advantage. Harvard Business Review. 2010
- Hu SJ. Evolving paradigms of manufacturing: From mass production to mass customization and personalization. Procedia Cirp. 2013;7:3-8.
- Kroeber, A.L. 1944. Configurations of Cultural Growth. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Three-Dimensional Venn Diagram as an Explanation of Two Kinds of Generality in Science, Invention, & Engineering
Abstract Views :22 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Academic Affairs, University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904, US
1 Dept. of Academic Affairs, University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904, US
Source
Journal of Physics & Astronomy, Vol 11, No 6 (2023), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
This paper describes a Venn Diagram with three dimensions, “Predictability,” “Generality,” and “Technological Growth”: this Venn Diagram is used to explain two kinds of generality in science, invention, and engineering instead of one kind: there is an additional kind of generality related to technological productivity and technological growth, like the technological growth related to the work of Alan Turing, Nicholas Metropolis, or Claude Shannon, in addition to generality related to the generality of predictions of some subject matter, like Ptolemy's predictive astronomy, or Copernicus' predictive astronomy, or Galileo's classical mechanics. The paper includes a provocative thought experiment on the nature of technology and biotechnology: Vico and Marx likely viewed the vast array of functional and adaptive capacities of plant and animal life as considerably greater than the technologies and inventions of human labor; in the 19th century biological adaptations of organisms, or what Vico and Marx called “natural technologies,” were unquestionably far greater than the technological adaptations of human labor and inventiveness; however, given the nature of technological growth, it may be possible for the vast array of human inventions to eclipse the number and diversity of “inventions” or functional and adaptive properties distributed across plant and animal life.Keywords
Venn Diagrams; Generality; Predictability; Technological growth; Adaptation; Exponential growthFull Text
References
- Hempel CG. Two basic types of scientific explanation. Philos. Sci.: Cent. Issues. 1962:685-94.
- Popper K. Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Free Press. 1960
- National Academy of Sciences. “Andrew Strominger, National Academy of Sciences.” . 2019
- American Physical Society. Einstein’s Quest for a Unified Theory. 2005
- Woit P. Not even wrong: The failure of string theory and the search for unity in physical law. Basic Books (AZ); 2006.
- Walker J. The flying circus of physics. John Wiley Sons; 2006.
- Graham-Cumming J. The Geek Atlas: 128 places where science and technology come alive. " O'Reilly Media, Inc."; 2009