Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health

Ankit Chhabra ¹, Anju Agarwal ¹, Krishna Gopal ¹

Affiliations
1 K. S. Institute of Research and Training, Lucknow (U.P.), 226010, IN

Abstract

India is a developing country and health care sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in India as a result of which hospitals, clinics and nursing homes have sprung both in rural as well as in urban areas. Today biomedical waste management has become one of the major issues of concern taking into account the growth rate of population. The present study focuses on the biomedical waste management system in government and non-government hospitals in India with special reference to environmental education, in this paper an attempt is made to study the classification, legislation, management practices in India, it also includes detail of various methods adapted by different countries for disposal of biomedical waste generated in hospitals and other health care units. The data was collected from general literature, legislative aspects, hospital experience and online survey work for the review. The paper aims to create awareness among the individual and for better result we need to increase the level of training and education regarding the handling and disposal of biomedical waste.

Keywords

Biomedical Waste, Environmental Education, Segregation, Handling, Disposal.

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Hari Om Verma ¹, Anju Agarwal ², Krishna Gopal ¹

Affiliations
1 The Academy of Environmental Biology, Lucknow (U.P.), IN
2 Sri Jai Narain Post Graduate College, Lucknow (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Lucknow a capital of Uttar Pradesh has vast potential of fish faunal diversity and offers considerable scope of inland fisheries development. Aquaculture activities in rural for most of the fisherman area. In order to establish fish faunal diversity of Lucknow a preliminary, data have been collected with the help of local fish farmers and market survey. Various lentic and lotic water bodies of different locations of the district for 9 months during 2014-2015 have been collected. During the study period, 83 fish species belonging to 58 Genera, 21 Families and 8 Orders have been identified. Cypriniformes was found the dominated Order with 56 species (68%) followed by Perciformes 9 species (11%) and Clupeiformes 6 species (7%). The present study showed that Lucknow possesses rich fish diversity but proper conservation measures are required to maintain sustainability and richness of the species diversity of the district.

Keywords

Fish Diversity, Faunal, Aquaculture Activities, Defragmentation.

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Krishna Gopal ¹, Hari Om Verma ¹, Suyash Tripathi ¹

Affiliations
1 The Academy of Environmental Biology, Lucknow (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Water quality information in aquatic ecosystem is crucial in setting up guideline for resource management. The biota in the surface water is governed entirely by various environmental conditions that determine the selection of species as the physiological performance of the individual organisms. This study explores the water quality status and pollution sources in Sur Sarovar (Keetham) Lake, Agra (Uttar Pradesh), water quality parameters analyze of five sampling zone was done from water samples collected monthly from September 2014 to July 2015. The primary production of organic matter, in the form of phytoplankton and macrophytes is more intense in Sur Sarovar (Keetham) Lake. In contrast to the chemical quality of water bodies, which can be measured by suitable analytical methods, biological quality is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative characterization. The present piece of research work is initiated on pollution status at Sur Sarovar (Keetham) Lake by interference and increase in the population of phytoplankton and microbe. We were selected keys physico chemical parameters for analysis like, temperature 19.50 to 38.00 °C, pH 7.39±0.04 to 8.21±0.06, dissolve oxygen 5.90 ± 0.55 mg/L to 6.48 ± 0.87 mg/L, alkalinity 93.73 ± 5.09 mg/L to 124.27 ± 5.05 mg/L, hardness 119.33 ± 9.06 mg/L to 138.93 ± 8.07 mg/L, ammonia 0.52± 0.03 mg/L to 0.64 ± 0.032 mg/L, nitrate 0.71 ± 0.02 mg/L to 1.79 ± 0.02 mg/L, nitrite 0.21 ± 0.01 to 0.47 ± 0.02 mg/L, phosphate 0.22 ± 0.03 mg/L to 0.36 ± 0.05 mg/L and heavy metal concentration like Zn 0.023 ± 0.00 mg/L to 0.27 ± 0.00 mg/ L, Cr 0.022 ± 0.00 to 0.036 ± 0.00 mg/L , Cd 0.002 ± 0.00 mg/L to 0.010 ± 0.00 mg/L, Pb 0.013 ± 0.00 mg/L to 0.033 ± 0.00 mg/L, Hg 0.015 ± 0.00 to 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/L in the water were undertaken.

Keywords

Sur Sarovar (Keetham) Lake, Water Quality, Desirable Limit, Heavy Metals.

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Suyash Tripathi ¹, Krishna Gopal ¹

Affiliations
1 The Academy of Environmental Biology, Lucknow (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Critics showed objections on the genetic engineering process on the some points whish were both ethical and ecological. This happened because it was sure that these genetic engineering processes must have been causing the gene flow and raise alarm against intellectual property rights. Problems also evolved on using GMOs in the form of food because fishes are being used as a nutritive food worldwide. So it raised a question in the mind of critics that it can cause many forms of lethal allergies to the consumers as the GM fishes were labelled. These issues caused a check over the trade of these GM fishes internationally. Thus due to all these prominent issues FDA has a power to restrict these GM fishes as 1) food 2) conditions in which they are used 3) a check after the approval. Public is confident if the above written three points have positive outcome. So these three points are the backbone for the approval of GM as food for public. So the potential research benefits of genetically modified fish will be fruitful only if these transgenic fish are kept separate from genetic pool of the wild species. There is possibility of transmission of the transgenes to the wild fishes which can make these transgenes a permanent resident of an environmental ecosystem.

Keywords

Transgenic, GMO, Germline.

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