Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Using Green Machinery: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential

In the field of biomedicine, the green synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) utilising plant extracts has piqued interest. The reduction nature of herbal extracts has recently aided in the production of spherical ZnONPs of various potentials from zinc salt. In this study, fresh leaf (aqueous) extracts of Cannabis sativa were used as reducing and stabilising agents in a rapid, environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of ZnONPs. UV–VIS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as transmission electron microscopy, were used to analyse the biosynthesized CNS-ZnONPs (TEM). The antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of produced CNS-ZnONPs were also studied in vitro. The presence of a prominent absorption peak at 380 nm, which corresponds to the CNSZnONPs’ Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band, indicated the creation of CNS-ZnONPs. The produced CNS-ZnONPs were spherical in shape, with an average particle size of 16.25 nm, according to TEM examination. The synthesised CNS-ZnONPs also showed significant antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Furthermore, the biosynthesized CNSZnONPs significantly reduced biofilm formation. Cannabis sativa leaf extracts may be utilised to easily synthesise ZnONPs, which can be employed as a natural source of antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.