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Chandra, N. D. R.
- God in the Eyes of Rabindranath Tagore
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Authors
Affiliations
1 West Karanji Vidhyasagar High School, Karanji, Purba Midnapur (W.B.), IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, IN
1 West Karanji Vidhyasagar High School, Karanji, Purba Midnapur (W.B.), IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 5, No 9-10 (2013), Pagination: 131-139Abstract
Rabindranath is a theistic philosopher. According to him, the ultimate reality is the personal God having infinite qualities. Tagore describes God in the following way-“Whatever name may have been given to the divine reality, it has found its highest place in the history of our religion owing to its human character giving meaning to the idea of sin and sanctity and offering an eternal background to all the ideals of perfection which have their harmony in man's own nature.” (1949: 229) Tagore's conception of theistic God is related with the religion of man. He imagines God in two ways. First of all he believes that God is beyond the humanself and the entire universe. There is no conceivable attribute of God-mental or physical. Rabindranath says-“The positive aspect of the infinite is in 'avaitanm', in an absolute unity in which comprehension of multitude is not as in an outer receptacle but as in an inner perfection that permeates and exceeds its contents like the beauty in a lotus, which is ineffably more than all the constituents of the flower.” (Ibid: 69) The supreme God is beyond our reach and is unknown and unknowable.the research make an attempt to unearth idea of ‘god’ in Rabindrath Tagore.Keywords
Religion, God, Metaphysical, Transcendentalism, Theism Beauty, Truth, Goodness, Philosophy, Consciousness, Brahman, Vedanta, Immortality, Supreme Being, Vaishnava, Mays, Salvation, Parmatma.
References
- Das, Motilal. 1960. The Soul of India. Calcutta: Aloke Tirtha.
- Narvane, V.S. 1977. Rabindranath Tagore. Allahabad: Central Book Depot. Radhakrishnan, S.1961.The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore. Baroda: Good Companions.
- Tagore, Rabindranath. 1913. Gitanjali. New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd.
- Tagore, Rabindranath. 1920a. Amar Dharma. Calcutta: Viswabharati.
- Tagore, Rabindranath. 1920b. Dharma. Calcutta: Viswabharati.
- Tagore, Rabindranath. 1931. Address at Santiniketan. Calcutta: Viswabharati.
- Tagore, Rabindranath.1949.The Religion of Man. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
- Tagore, Rabindranath. 1961a. Personality. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd.
- Tagore, Rabindranath. 1961b. Creative Unity. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd.
- Tagore, Rabindranath. 1961c. Sadhana. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd.
- Tagore,Rabindranath.1963. Samanjasya from Santiniketan Fourth Series. Calcutta: Viswabharati.
- Multiculturalism in Kiran Desai's The Inheritance of Loss
Abstract Views :411 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima Campus, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, IN
1 Dept. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima Campus, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 5, No 9-10 (2013), Pagination: 88-93Abstract
Desai's second novel The Inheritance of Loss (2005), which won her the Man Bookers Prize in 2006 talks about her inheritance and the disinheritance that had come with globalization. It deals with a number of present-day issues such as economic inequality and poverty, fundamentalism and terrorist violence, but the major emphasis is on mobility and migration, on dislocation and the subsequent loss of background, of history and of family. Changes that are brought out by craze for western values, manners, language and lifestyle:impact of modernization, consumerism, and deep ischolar_mained reaction to indigenous values which failed to sustain life. The novel is set in Kalimpong situated at the foot of Mount Kanchenjunga in the North Eastern part of India, which becomes volatile because of religious and ethnicities struggle to defeat biased treatment by Indians to indigenous people whose culture is more like their neighboring Asians. Primarily, the story of The Inheritance of Loss is set in India in the year 1986, a period of great turmoil. From the outset it is clear that the country and the people are crying out for an identity of their own, fighting between themselves and claiming ground for their own existence, as a nation and as individuals.Keywords
Multiculturalism, Modernization, Indigenous, Ethnic, Gorkhas, Identity, Ideology, Migrant, Colonial, Culture, Acculturation, Xenophobia, Racism, Other.References
- Desai, Kiran. 2006. The Inheritance of Loss. New Delhi: Penguin Books. “BBC News on Kiran Desai” http://www.bbc.co.uk
- Sinha, Sunita. 2008. Post Colonial Women Writers New Perspectives. New Delhi Atlantic Publishers & distributors (P) Ltd.
- T.S. Eliot and the New Criticism
Abstract Views :159 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Deptt. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima Campus, IN
1 Deptt. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima Campus, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 4, No 7-8 (2012), Pagination: 85-91Abstract
The paper at the outset defines the New Criticism enumerating the names of American New Critics. New Criticism aims at intrinsic and aesthetic study, analysis and evaluation of an autonomous work of art with an application of formal critical tolls ignoring all the extra-literary features like Sociology, Biography, History and so on. Further it ventures into the Eliot's theory of Tradition, Theory of Impersonality, Objective-Correlative relating his theory with Metaphysical and Symbolist poets. Finally, it has been concluded that Eliot's Theory of Impersonality, his concept of tradition, revival of Metaphysical Poets, Objective-Correlative, Unification of Sensibility, his belief in the organic structure of poetry, his redefinition of wit, irony and conceit and his close study of poems in terms of language , imagery and Metaphor were adopted by the New Critics as well as succeeding generations of poets and critics.Keywords
New Criticism, Aesthetic Criticism, Ontological Criticism, Formalistic Criticism, Technique , Autonomous Work, Intrinsic Criticism, Tradition, Fugitive Agrarians, Imagination, Theory of Impersonality, Metaphysical Poets, Symbolism, Unification of Sensibility, Expressionism, Objective-Correlative, Organic Theory.- Ecocriticism:Relevance of William Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey” and “The World is Too Much With Us.”
Abstract Views :258 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of English, Baptist College, Kohima, IN
2 Department of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima Campus, IN
1 Department of English, Baptist College, Kohima, IN
2 Department of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima Campus, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 4, No 7-8 (2012), Pagination: 112-123Abstract
Ecocriticism addresses how humans relate to non-human nature or the environment in literature. It has grown out of the traditional approach to literature in which the critic explores the local or global, the material or physical, or the historical or natural history in the context of a work of art. This paper is a modest attempt to unearth the concerns of ecocriticism as well as to explore William Wordsworth's contribution to the awakening of modern man towards conservation and preservation of the ecosystem. All ecocritics share an environmentalist motivation in one way or the other. As a result of want of systematic or organized movement in the study of ecological or environmental side of literature, the ecocritical works came to be nomenclatured variously such as pastoralism, human ecology, regionalism, American Studies etc. Raymond Williams, the British Marxist critic wrote The Country and the City (1973), where he professed a decidedly green socialism. Ecocriticism analyzes the role that the natural environment plays in the imagination of a cultural community at a specific historical moment, examining how the concept of "nature" is defined, what values are assigned to it or denied it and why, and the way in which the relationship between humans and nature is envisioned. Wordsworth advocated for the preservation of Nature way back in the 18th century. Besides divinizing Nature, Wordsworth pleaded that it is a panacea for all with the capacity to elevate human mind to a higher level of feeling for everything in Nature. Tintern Abbey exposes Wordsworth's development of love for Nature through various stages and in every stage there was a need to preserve it because it helps in developing the mind, attitude and feeling. The World is Too Much with Us is an exploration of the poet's dissatisfaction of the modern men over their indifference to and indiscriminate destruction of Nature.Keywords
Ecocriticism, Green (Cultural) Studies, Ecopoetics, Environmental Literary Criticism, Pantheism, Panacea.- Ethicism in David Lodge’s Thinks
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Authors
Tsenbeni
1,
N. D. R. Chandra
2
Affiliations
1 Dept. of English, Baptist College, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
2 Dept. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
1 Dept. of English, Baptist College, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
2 Dept. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 2, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 18-33Abstract
Ethical Criticism holds the view that human beings are persistently involved in the process of effecting judgements from the ethical and moral point of view. This is true not only in relation to our daily lives but also in our treatment of literary works of art. Ethical criticism also releases a sense of awareness to the readers about their own sense of morality in their real lives. So, a connection between the reader’s life and the text he reads is established. In our everyday life, we encounter different kinds of people and we judge and weigh our actions on certain specific, moral standards. The same standards are applied to literary authors when we evaluate them. The judgements that we form in our minds about people around us and authors, are many a time not morally impartial or unbiased. This shows that our judgements depend very much on influences exerted on our thoughts.- From the Editor's Desk
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Kohima, IN
1 Kohima, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 2, No 3 (2010), Pagination:Abstract
English is a global language today. It is the language of power and it is becoming user-friendly day by day as it is proliferating in non-English speaking countries. English language is enriched by the local cultural contents. On the one hand, the phenomena will enhance the proficiency in English language and on the other, it will be the wealth of the nation providing opportunities to the people in employment and knowledge generation etc. The age of globalization and privatization has ushered in a new demand for English in various walks of life. English being the global language today commands an enhanced sense of sophistication, apt vocabulary, appropriate sentence structure, new expressions and situational phraseology. The skillful use of language seems to rule today's transnational and trans- border transactions. Further, "Language and communication skills are the tools for learning. Informal learning takes place through social interaction and formal learning through schooling. Language skills facilitate conceptualization. Good communication helps effective social interaction." (Arunajatesan 2010:17) The effective use of English language is judicious combination of both formal and informal uses of languages.- Advertisement:Cultural Transfusion, Refraction and Evolution
Abstract Views :241 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of English, Govt. College, Kiphire, IN
2 School of Humanities & Education, Nagaland Central University, Kohima, IN
1 Dept. of English, Govt. College, Kiphire, IN
2 School of Humanities & Education, Nagaland Central University, Kohima, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 2, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 86-101Abstract
Everyone in this consuming society is surrounded by advertisements from one's bedroom to the streets and to one's workplace yet rarely does one realize its impact on his life. It is so pervasive-one gets on television, radio, newspapers, magazines, internet, mobile, posters, leaflets, hoardings, wall paintings etc. on roads, walls, buses, trains and so on-that one finds it difficult to get away with it. That's why often it has been considered as 'omnipresent discourse.' Advertisement exerts a tremendous power on the people to educate and inform; to shape the values, attitudes, and lifestyles of generations grow up with it. It has become an aspect of our society and our life. People are exposed to advertisement more than any other forms of art and many of the images, feelings depicted in them seem familiar to the people and influence their lives. And above all they enjoy the power of mass communication in reaching people and become a part and parcel of the mass.- A Discourse on Ao-Naga Folktales
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of English, Baptist College, Kohima, IN
2 Dept. of English, Nagaland University, Kohima, IN
1 Dept. of English, Baptist College, Kohima, IN
2 Dept. of English, Nagaland University, Kohima, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 2, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 227-236Abstract
Nagaland is situated in the extreme North East of India, bordered by Myanmar on the East, Assam on the west, Arunachal Pradesh on the North, and Manipur on the South. It is home to a large number of tribes, among which the major tribes are Angami, Ao, Chakhesang, Chang, Khiamungan, Konyak, Lotha, Phom, Rengma, Sangtam, Sema, Pochury and Zeliang. The Naga tribes are classified as mongoloid.- Editorial
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Authors
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 1, No 2 (2009), Pagination:Abstract
The Winter Issue of the Journal of Culture, Literature and Media Studies focuses on Contemporary American, British and Indian Fiction. It is a fact that British and American novelists dominate the literary scene in the first half of the 20th century but the second half of the 20th century belongs to the Indian English writers of fiction. Howard Brenton, one of our contemporary British novelists deals with the theme of violence in his novels while Julian Barnes writes historical meta-fiction. They are doing good jobs. The works of Indian English writers are challenging as well as fascinating. The areas they explore have been subjected to critical enquiry.- Feminism in Shashi Deshpande's Roots and Shadows
Abstract Views :185 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of English, Nagaland University, Kohima, IN
1 Department of English, Nagaland University, Kohima, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 1, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 60-67Abstract
Ever since the dawn of civilization, there has been a struggle to liberate women from male oppression. Feminism is an expression of resentment at the unjust treatment meted out to any woman. In literature, it refers to any mode that approaches a text with foremost concern for the nature of female experience. The inequalities against which the feminist have raised their voice of protest-legal, economic and social restriction on the basic rights of woman-have existed through out history across the world in all the civilizations. Naturally, the principle of feminism was articulated much earlier and its ischolar_mains can be traced in the history of human civilization.- A Lacaniant Reading of Namita Gokhale’s The Book of Shadows
Abstract Views :244 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of English, Nagaland University, Kohima, IN
1 Dept. of English, Nagaland University, Kohima, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 1, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 68-83Abstract
Ever since Sigmund Freud discovered that the creative faculty draws on drives and fantasies that are buried in the unconscious and that they provide the clues to understanding the imaginative mind as well as individual works, it created room for a number of speculations. Literary criticism has been flooded with different variants of psychological criticism which include studying the work presented in terms of its characters, the author’s mind and the reader’s mind.- Culture as Reflected in Achebe’s Works and Ao Naga Literature
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Africa, the second largest continent on the globe, is home to a host of tribes each with its own language, history, culture, religion and food habits. But all these differences have been resolved to a certain extent in their fight against the effect of colonialism on Africa. The Christian missions and the colonial school, backed by the coercive force of the colonial state, were the primary agents of the transformation. The civilized, western-educated, Africans were the targets of the worst form of colonial racism. This led to a desire of reformation and re-orientation of consciousness among the educated Africans through their writings, which saw the origin of movements like Negritude, African Aesthetic, and political nationalisms that led to independence:indigenous artistic traditions, long maligned and suppressed by colonialism, became the source-pool of inspiration for many writers. This cultural-artistic decolonization, this fashioning of creative originality from both indigenous and borrowed materials, became phenomenal in its success and is worthy of mentioning. (Schwarz 2000:273-274) Many critics have misunderstood African literature. More recently Ernest Emenyonu has asserted that “what many western critics issue on African literature is a reflection of a profound lack of knowledge about African cultural traditions coupled with an ignorance of the existence, nature and depth of the heritage of African oral literature. In most cases some vague literary background or a landing on an African soil has not been enough to correct this intellectual imbalance.” (Lindfors 1973:10).
Authors
Affiliations
1 Baptist College, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
2 Dept. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
1 Baptist College, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
2 Dept. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 1, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 188-199Abstract
Emergence of African LiteratureAfrica, the second largest continent on the globe, is home to a host of tribes each with its own language, history, culture, religion and food habits. But all these differences have been resolved to a certain extent in their fight against the effect of colonialism on Africa. The Christian missions and the colonial school, backed by the coercive force of the colonial state, were the primary agents of the transformation. The civilized, western-educated, Africans were the targets of the worst form of colonial racism. This led to a desire of reformation and re-orientation of consciousness among the educated Africans through their writings, which saw the origin of movements like Negritude, African Aesthetic, and political nationalisms that led to independence:indigenous artistic traditions, long maligned and suppressed by colonialism, became the source-pool of inspiration for many writers. This cultural-artistic decolonization, this fashioning of creative originality from both indigenous and borrowed materials, became phenomenal in its success and is worthy of mentioning. (Schwarz 2000:273-274) Many critics have misunderstood African literature. More recently Ernest Emenyonu has asserted that “what many western critics issue on African literature is a reflection of a profound lack of knowledge about African cultural traditions coupled with an ignorance of the existence, nature and depth of the heritage of African oral literature. In most cases some vague literary background or a landing on an African soil has not been enough to correct this intellectual imbalance.” (Lindfors 1973:10).
- New Historicism and Arundhati Roy’s Works
Abstract Views :191 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Mt. Olive College, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
2 Dept. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
1 Mt. Olive College, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
2 Dept. of English, Nagaland Central University, Kohima, Nagaland, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 1, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 79-96Abstract
New Historicism provides a critical method of interpretation of a literary work of art, which came into being as a reaction against New Criticism just as New Criticism came into being as a reaction against historical and biographical methods of literary criticism. The new critics consider a literary text as an autonomous entity. They are suspicious of history and consider the discipline as enemy of literature. The new historicists like its British counterpart cultural materialists, reject the new critical precept. They see literature and history as a part of dynamic exchange. New Historicism is based on the assumption that a literary work is the product of the time, place, and circumstances of its composition. The new historicists, therefore, reject the autonomy of both an artist and work of art and argue that literary texts cannot be read and understood in isolation. They emphasize that literary texts must be read and interpreted in its biographical, social and historical contexts.- Alan Hollinghurst:Gay Homosexuality and the Intimacies of Culture and History
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Sazolie College, Kohima & Research Scholar, Department of English, Nagaland University, Kohima Campus, Nagaland, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, IN
1 Sazolie College, Kohima & Research Scholar, Department of English, Nagaland University, Kohima Campus, Nagaland, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 6, No 11-12 (2014), Pagination: 1-18Abstract
This article focuses on how Hollinghurst brings to light a buried history of gay London from the Romans to the 1950’s, its writers and musicians, from Shakespeare to Pope, Wilde to James, Forster and Britten to Firbank focussing mainly on the lives of gay men before the gay liberation movement both in London and the colonies of Great Britain. The article also analyses contemporary gay life. The issues about class, family, social politics and sexuality in the 80’s era London exploring related themes of hypocrisy, homosexuality, madness, wealth, drugs and the emerging AIDS crisis which forms a central backdrop of modern gay culture. Hollinghurst talks about a vision of politics that asserts the interlocking of public and private spheres, the politics of identity that conceptualizes individual and collective identity not only as a basis for political organisation but also as a site of political activism itself. He offers a pro-sex promotion of transgressive sexual practices to a foundational tenet of identity politics wherein the personal is political. With this link between the pro-sexuality movement and identity politics, Hollinghurst examines the political and material effects to construct radical sexual politics through his characters and his novels. The article aims at studying gay male homosexuality in the characters of Hollinghurst and the relations that are structured through culture and society that evolves and orients them.Keywords
Transgressive, Camp, Effete, Homophobia, Sodomite, Gay Haunts, Pro-Sexuality, Gaycruising, Ecstasy, Rent Boys.References
- Blasius, Mark. 1998. “Contemporary Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer Theories and their Politics”. Journal of the History of Sexuality. Review Essay. Vol. 8, No.4, pp. 642-674. University of Chicago.
- Cox, Dennis. 2001.“The Pain and Joy of the Spell.” Gay Male in Fiction. March 30, pp. 1-2.
- http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/gay_male_in_fiction/64549/2 retrieved on 14/ 03/2010.
- Fee, Dwight. 2000. “One of the Guys’ Instrumentality and Intimacy in Gay Men’s Friendships with Straight Men”. Peter Nandi (Ed.) Gay Masculinities. pp. 44-64. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
- Glick, Elisa. “Sex Positive: Feminism, Queer Theory, and the Politics of Transgression.” Feminist Review. No. 64, Feminism 2000: One Step Beyond? (Spring 2000), pp. 19-45. Palgrave Macmillan Journals. http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 1395699retrieved on31/12/2008.
- Halkitis, Perry N. 2000. “Masculinity in the Age of AIDS: HIV-Seropositive Gay Men and the ‘BuffAgenda”. Peter Nandi (Ed.) Gay Masculinities. pp. 130-151. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
- Hollinghurst, Alan. 1988. The Swimming Pool Library. New York: Vintage International.
- — . 1994. The Folding Star: A Novel. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- — . 2000. The Spell. New York: Penguin Books.
- — . 2004. The Line of Beauty: A Novel. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. 1990. Epistemology of the Closet. Berkerley: University of California Press.
- Sturgis, Howard. 2008. “Don’t Ask Henry – Alan Hollinghurst: Bechamber.” London Review of Books. 9 October, pp. 1-12. Richard Davenport- Hines.
- http://www.1rb.co.uk/v30/n19/hol101_html retrieved on 02/09/2009.
- Tillyard, Stella. 2005. Interview – Alan Hollinghurst. November.
- http://www.prospect-magazine.couk/article_details.php?id+7113 retrieved on 10.11.2009.
- Incidence of Globalization in Salman Rushdie’s East, West and Shalimar the Clown
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of English, Nagaland University, Kohima Campus, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, IN
1 Department of English, Nagaland University, Kohima Campus, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 6, No 11-12 (2014), Pagination: 32-49Abstract
Literature in general tends to be a reflection of its time. In the current scenario of the world where advancement in commerce and technology have blurred boundaries between peoples, cultures and nations, literature has largely become representative of the same. An expatriate writer like Salman Rushdie has adequate raw material in his hands to mould works that deal with the intersection of cultures and races; further, he is able to encapsulate the migrant experience through his personal knowledge and observation in a society to which he does not originally belong. In works like East, West and Shalimar the Clown, elements of globalization come through heavily. Encounters and relations that would not have been otherwise possible without the interconnectedness of our present world are seen in the works mentioned. Rushdie engages both the worlds of the East and the West, giving a fair picture of world affairs and social circumstances in the process. The increasing materialism of the postmodern world, cross-cultural relationships, and the glocalization of language, are just some of the issues he project in his works.Keywords
Globalization, Globality, Glocalization, Migrant, Cosmopolitan, Indian English, Industrial Revolution, Localization, World Literature, Vernacular, Narrator, Commoditization, Consumption, Consumerism, Oriental Occidental.References
- Gupta, Suman. 2009. Globalization and Literature. Cambridge and Malden, Polity Press: 2010. Print.
- Mukherjee, Meenakshi. 2009. “English in an Uneven Land, English in an Uneven World: Literature in English Translation.” Southern Postcolonialism: The Global South and the ‘New’ Literary Representations. Ed. Sumanya Satpathy. New Delhi: Routledge,. 17-29. Print.
- Riemenschneider, Dieter. 2009. “The New English Language, Literature and the Globalization of Tertiary Education.” Southern Postcolonialism: The Global South and the ‘New’ Literary Representations. Ed. Sumanya Satpathy. New Delhi: Routledge.99-110. Print.
- Rushdie, Salman. 2010. Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism: 1981-1991. 1991. London: Vintage, Print.
- —. 1994. East, West: Stories. New York: Vintage, 1996. Print.
- —. 2002. Step Across This Line: Collected Nonfiction 1992- 2002. London: Vintage, 2003. Print.
- —. 2006. Shalimar the Clown. 2005. London: Vintage, Print.
- Steger, Manfred B. 2003. Globalization: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print.
- Autobiographical Theory and Discourse on Naipaul’s Half a Life
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of English, Bodofa U. N. Brahma College, Dotma, Kokrajhar, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, IN
1 Department of English, Bodofa U. N. Brahma College, Dotma, Kokrajhar, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 6, No 11-12 (2014), Pagination: 85-96Abstract
Autobiography has only recently been recognized as an important form of literary creation. Autobiographical theory is paired well with theories such as structuralism and post structuralism because autobiography is a fertile ground for considering the divide between fact and fiction, challenging the possibility of presenting a life objectively, and examining how the shaping force of language prohibited any simple attempts at truth and reference. Autobiography as a genre of literature is a metaphor of the self and it’s a journey on the part of the autobiographer from the known to the unknown. It can be taken as an attempt to find an objectivecorrelative for the self. The present paper enumerates some of the basic tenets of Autobiographical theory, viz: Emotional Memory Probe, Positive Autobiographical Memories, Negative Autobiographical Memories, Depression, Cultural Identity, Dislocation, Relocation, Exile, Ethnic Assertion, Colonization, and Multiculturalism to analyze V. S. Naipaul’s Half a Life as an autobiographical treatise.
The major theme running through the novel is “exiles living a half- life”as like the author himself. It juxtaposes the emotional memory probe of Willie Chandran with the sweeping backdrops of lands held in the grip of imperialism. Born to an upper caste father and lower caste mother, Willie Somerset Chandran travels all around; from London to Africa, in search of his cultural identity repressed within his psyche. He moves to London in the hopes of escaping the social and family conflict he witnessed in home in India. Every possible view and corner of race, social class, empire, colonization, education and sexual practices explored through Willie Chandran’s life. The father of Willie has taken refuse in melancholic depression and his eventful career as a bogus holy man represents Naipaul’s own story of his father’s ambition and failure.
Keywords
Emotional Memory Probe, Positive Autobiographical Memories, Negative Autobiographical Memories, Depression, Cultural Identity, Dislocation.References
- Ashley, Kathleen, et al., (eds.) 1994. Autobiography and Postmodernism. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. Print.
- Bell, Susan Groag and Marilyn Yalom, (eds.) 1990. Revealing Lives: Autobiography, Biography, and Gender. Albany: Sunny Press. Print.
- Bruss, Elizabeth W. 1976. Autobiographical Acts: The Changing Situation of a Literary Genre. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Print.
- Bala, Suman. 2003. V. S. Naipaul: A Literary Response to the Nobel Laureate. New Delhi: Khosla. Print.
- Chandra, N. D. R. 2005. “Canon, Multiculturalism & The God of Small Things” Contemporary Literary Criticism: Theory and Practice. Delhi: Authorspress. pp471-481. Print.
- Cohen, Gillian & Conway, Martin A. (ed.) 2008. Memory in the Real World. Hove. UK: Psychology Press. pp-21-22.
- James, Olney. 1972. The Meaning of Autobiography. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Print.
- Johnson, Barbara. 1989. “My Monster/ My Self”: A World of Difference. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. Elec.
- Joseph, T. Shipley (ed.) 1955. Dictionary of World Literary Terms. London: George Allen and Unvin Ltd. Print.
- Karl, J. Weintraub. 1978. The Value of the Individual: Self and Circumstance in Autobiography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Elec.
- Marcy Rockman, James Steele. 2003. The Colonization of Unfamiliar Landscapes. London: Routledge. Elec.
- Naipaul, V. S. 2001. Half a Life. London: Picador. Print Pascal, Roy. 1960. Design and Truth in Autobiography. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Elec.
- Panwar, Purabi. 2007. V. S. Naipaul: An Anthology of Recent Criticism. Delhi: Pencraft Internatioal. Print.
- Rubin, D. C. Ed.. 1986. Autobiographical Memory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Elec.
- “Autobiographical Theory”. Anti Essays. 16 Feb. http://www.antiessays. com/ free-essays/134466.html a/b: Auto/Biography Studies Journal ed. By Rebecca Hogan, Joseph Hogan, and Emily Hipchen. 15 Feb. 2013.http://abstudies:Westga.edu/
- Williams, H. L., Conway, M. A., & Cohen, G. 2008. Autobiographical Memory. Hove: UK: Psychology Press. Elec.
- Modern Predicament and Relevance of Rabindranath’s Thoughts and Wisdom
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Affiliations
1 West Karanji Vidhyasagar High School, Karanji, Purba Midnapur (W.B.), IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, IN
1 West Karanji Vidhyasagar High School, Karanji, Purba Midnapur (W.B.), IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 6, No 11-12 (2014), Pagination: 114-123Abstract
Tagore’s thoughts and wisdom are quite relevant today in the age of social and political reawakening. His humanistic ideas, inner and outer harmony, spiritualism, individualism, Grihdharms , Rajdharma, Samajdharma etc. reflected in his poems and novels are the superb ideas that help people to worship the humanity of God and divinity of man. He opposes capitalism favoring Socialism and Karl Marx for equality and good of human being and classless society and equal distribution of property. He appreciated a lot to Socialism of Soviet administration for its economic freedom, sharing of partnership, rural reconstruction and so on. He propounds that success of democracy depends on education people have. He is against illiteracy hence we need to educate all citizens of the country. He advocates self-sufficiency. For him man is the ultimate truth in his philosophy He is in favour of self-government and decentralization of power. He builds a bridge of understanding between man and nature, man and machine , East and West, man and God that places him as interpreter and diagnostician of modern maladies. He is a cosmopolitan humanist who stands not in an age but of all ages with his combination of thought and action, artistic, creative and constructive ideas .Keywords
Modern Predicament, Spiritualism, Philosophy, Humanistic ideas, Grihdharma, Rajdharma, Samajdharma, Democracy, Capitalism, Socialism, Individualism, Renaissance, Nationalism, Social Reawakening.References
- Das, Sain.1958. Great Thoughts of GreatMen: Vishveshraranand Institute Publication.
- Mukerji, B.1994. Vedanta and Tagore. New Delhi: M.D. Publication.
- Sengupta, Mahaswati.1990.Colonial Poeties Rabindranath Tagore in Two Worlds.
- Ann Abror : A Bell & Howell Information Company.
- Sen, Sochin.1929. Political Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore.Calcutta: General Printer and Publisher.
- Tagore, R.N. 1913. Gitanjali. New Delhi: Macmillan India Limited.
- Tagore, R.N. 1916. Fruit-Gathering. London: Macmillan & Co.
- Tagore, R.N. 1917. My Reminiscence. London: Macmillan & Co.
- Tagore, R.N. 1949. Gora. London: Macmillan & Co.
- Tagore, R.N. 1959. Creative Unity. London : Macmillan & Co.
- Tagore, R.N. 1960. Letters from Russia. Calcutta : Viswa Bharati.
- Tagore, R.N. 1974. Worship of the Buddha in Later Poems of Rabindranath Tagore translated by Aurobindo Bose. New Delhi: Rupa Co.
- Tagore, R.N. 1988. Sadhana. Macmillan.
- Tagore, R.N. 1993. The Religion of Man. New Delhi: Indus.
- Tagore, R.N. 1996a. Crisis in Civilization in English Writings of Rabindranath Tagore Volume – III. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
- Tagore, R.N. 1996b. International Relations in English Writings of Rabindranath Tagore Volume – III. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
- Tagore, R.N. 2002. Nationalism .New Delhi: Rupa Co.
- Various Strategies, Special Needs in Developing Spoken English Skills
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept of Science and Humanities, Loyola Institute of Technology and Management, Dhulipalla, Sattenapalli, Guntur Distt, (AP), IN
2 Dept of English, Nagaland University Kohima, Campus, Nagaland, IN
1 Dept of Science and Humanities, Loyola Institute of Technology and Management, Dhulipalla, Sattenapalli, Guntur Distt, (AP), IN
2 Dept of English, Nagaland University Kohima, Campus, Nagaland, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 6, No 11-12 (2014), Pagination: 168-179Abstract
It is interesting to listen and see how English language is being contaminated particularly through sounds. Every State in India has its own language, commonly called Mother Tongue also there are many other Dialects within the states. In the state of Andhra the first language is Telugu and the Telugus have a definite problem with their pronunciation. To have a good spoken skill we should see to that English phonetics does correspond not with Telugu phonetics. Pronunciation of ‘syllabus-su’, ‘book-su’,. Careful and a little bit of caution in pronouncing language should be taught to the student to avoid mother tongue influence. Concentrating on phonetics of ‘z’, ‘sh’, ‘pa’, ‘pah’, ‘pe’,’pey’,’pay’ also reduces the risk of making mistakes in spoken language. Many people pronounce ‘Paper’ as ‘Pah-per’, ‘xerox’ as ‘gerox’, ‘zero’ as ‘gero’. Proper guidance should be given in teaching correct grammar; extensive use of plurals should be avoided. In native language there is a danger of using plural forms at the greater extent, like creation of plurals for words like, ‘People-s’, ‘Police-s’, etc, where there is no plural form. Also we see frequently in movies, serials, soaps and advertisements, where bilingualism is present. They tend to mix English and Telugu or Mother Tongue. So the situation is forcefully inclining towards bilingualism. Corporate schools are the best facility for a student to imbibe spoken skills, where as government schools no matter how hard they try to beat language skills into the students they fail in this area miserably. The argument in this paper is about bringing out few of the difficulties of the students in learning spoken skills, problems encountered in the context of language competency, grammar and skill development. It also discusses the vantage point in bringing few innovative ideas to master and boost the morale of the student in removing the fear of English language Spoken skills.Keywords
Spoken English, Vocabulary, Skills, Pronunciation, Strategies, Special Needs, Factors.References
- Allen, Virginia French. 1983. Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary. Oxford: OUP.
- Dukes, Christiana. 2005. “Best Practices For Integrating Technology Into English Language Instruction.” South East Initiatives Regional Technology in Education Consortium. NEWS WIRE. Vol 7. No. 1 pp. 1-32.
- Flowerdew, John & Peacock, Matthew. 2001. Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Michael H Long, Jack C. Richards (Eds.)
- Graddol, D. 1997. The Future of English? London: British Council.
- Mc Carthy, Michael. Vocabulary. Oxford: OUP.
- Richard Amato, Patricia. 1996. Making It Happen: Introduction In The Second Language Classroom.
- Scrivner, Jim. 1994. Learning Teaching. Oxford: Heinemann.
- Tagore’s Gora in the Light of Women Characters
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Pt. Ravi Shankar University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, IN
1 Pt. Ravi Shankar University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Bastar University, Jagdalpur, IN
Source
Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies, Vol 7, No 13-16 (2015), Pagination: 44-56Abstract
The women characters in Tagore's novel seamlessly take up a pivotal role in framing his novels or short stories. The author has a talent of moulding and positioning his women characters in a narrative so much so that without these characters the larger narrative would just be a meaningless caricature. Considering Tagore's immense sense of advancement and love for his country, he takes into careful consideration on how he represents the women folk in all his works. Womanhood has been portrayed as an important entity present in an Indian society and he echoes his views of tradition and modernity through his women characters. This paper explores the number of women characters from his novel Gora, the complexity and the difference in personalities and values held by each women character. The role taken up by women in the nationalist propagandas, with respect to the independence movement which Tagore felt a strong attachment to, is closely analysed and presented through this study.Keywords
Religion, Movements, Nationalism, Tradition, Modernity, Indepemdent, Womanhood, Orthodox, Crisis, Liberty.References
- Bhattacharya, Bhabani. “Tagore as Novelist” in Rabindranth Tagore–A Centenary Volume. 1861 - 1961. New Delhi : Sahitya Akademi, 1961.
- Iyenger, Masti Venkatesa. 1946. Rabindranth Tagore. Bangalore : Jeevan Karyalaya, 1946.
- Kripalani, Krishna. Rabindranath Tagore. London : Oxford University Press, 1962.
- Majumdar, Bimanbehari. Heroines of Tagore. Calcutta : Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1968.
- Sen, Sukumar. History of Benglai Literature. New Delhi : Sahitya Akademi, 1960. Tagore, Rabindranath. Gora Translated by W.W. Pearson, Madras : Macmillan, 1976.