Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Patel, Satish J.
- Analysis of Ichnoguilds and their Significance in Interpreting Ichnological Events: A Study from Jhuran formation (Upper Jurassic), Western Kachchh
Abstract Views :199 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Petroleum Technology, Gandhinagar, Raisan Village, Gandhinagar-9, IN
2 Department of Geology, M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, IN
1 Institute of Petroleum Technology, Gandhinagar, Raisan Village, Gandhinagar-9, IN
2 Department of Geology, M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 72, No 4 (2008), Pagination: 458-466Abstract
The ichnological study of the Jhuran Formation (Kimmerdgian-Tithonian) exposed at Jara Dome of Western Kachchh has revealed the presence of twenty-two ichnospecies. These ichnofossils are typically well expressed at bed transitions, especially at intercalated shale-siltstone-sandstone sequences. The Jhuran Formation is divided into seven lithounits represented by six ichnoguilds exhibiting four distinguishable ichnological events. These events can provide important information on palaeoenvironment, depositional cyclicity and behaviour of the trace making communities. This is illustrated by the quantitative analysis of ichnoguilds in the intercalated sequence. The recurring patterns of the ichnoguilds reveal activity levels within the substrate, feeding style and also reflect colonization events at different beds. The dominance of structures produced by specialized organisms is consistent with an open marine unconsolidated substrate setting. The typical features of each ichnoguild allow characterization and comparison of local palaeoenvironmental conditions (depth, hydrodynamic condition, etc) which mark different ichnological events in the upper Jurassic sequence of the Western Mainland Kachchh basin.Keywords
Trace Fossils, Ichnoguilds, Ichnological Events, Jara Dome, Jhuran Formation, Western Kachchh.
- Trace Fossil Assemblages (Ichnocoenoses) of the Tectonically Uplifted Holocene Shorelines, Kachchh, Western India
Abstract Views :205 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, IN
2 Department of Geology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
1 Institute of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, IN
2 Department of Geology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 71, No 4 (2008), Pagination: 527-540Abstract
The Kachchh coastline (Western India) displays Holocene raised beaches and moderately dewatered tidal mud with abundant mangrove trunks. These deposits contain abundant crustaceans, polychaetes and bivalve traces of subtidal to intertidal origin. Ichnologically these deposits are characterised by ichnospecies like Gastrochaenolites, Skolithos, Ophiomorpha, Polykladichnus and Thalassinoides. These structures are grouped into three ichnocoenoses, viz, Glossifungztes, Skolithos and Ophzomorplza These ichnocoenoses are interpreted as environmentally distinct group of traces of the single endobenthic community like crustacean, polychaetes and bivalves, made in the intertidal zone. They are exposed at different levels in the intertidal-Supratidal zone. Raised beaches are extremely bioturbated and contain well developed Skolithos and Ophiomorpha ichnocoenoses along with soft sediment deformational structures ascribed to seismic origin, while raised mud flats comprise of Glossifungites, Skolithos and Ophzomorpha ichnocoenoses.Keywords
Trace Fossils, Tectonics, Uplifted Shorelines, Holocene, Kachchh and Western India.- Kachchh Earthquake of 2001: Seismically Triggered Deformed Structures in the Intertidal Sediments of Mandvi Coast in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat
Abstract Views :221 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, M S University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
1 Department of Geology, M S University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 64, No 5 (2004), Pagination: 637-646Abstract
On 26 January 2001, a major earthquake of magnitude of 77 caused extensive damage in Kachchh and other parts of Gujarat Mandvi coast in the Gulf of Kachchh, which is 150 km far from the epicentral zone, is also highly affected by the high magnitude seismic waves causing deformed structures in soft sediments. These induced deformed soft sediment structures are recorded in the small lagoon adjoining the beach area. The structures include sand blows, cracks, micro faulting, deformed Cross-Laminae, flume and pillar structures and large injection structures, which are attributed to intrusion spout phenomena. Abnormal behaviour of suspension feeding squillidean stomatopod, Oratosquilla striata species, was also observed. These structures are interpreted to originated by the process of fluidisation and liquefaction of cohessroniess peaty subsurface layer undeineath the clastic sediments. The shear stress related to earthquake acted as trigger agent.Keywords
Seismic Deformation, Intertidal Sediments, Liquefied Peaty Layer, Kachchh Earthquake, Mandvi Coast, Gujarat.- The Republic Day Kachchh Earthquake of 2001: Trauma in Oratosquilla striata
Abstract Views :201 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
1 Department of Geology, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 58, No 3 (2001), Pagination: 215-216Abstract
No Abstract.- Burrowing Activities of Goby Fish in the Recent Intertidal Mud Flats along the Navinal Coast, Kachchh, Western India
Abstract Views :169 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, M. G. Science Institute, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
1 Department of Geology, M. G. Science Institute, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 515-530Abstract
Behavioural activities of the goby fish-Periophthalmodon septemradiatus were observed in the intertidal zone around Navinal coast in the Gulf of Kachchh, western India. Intertidal zone is broad, and comprise of creeks, which are muddy and vegetated by mangrove on eastern side and ridge runnel systems on western side of the study area which are hospitable for the goby fish. Different types of biogenic activities are observed such as crawling, pellet making, grazing and burrowing. The crawling activity is part of movement of the goby fish from one burrow to another burrow and pellet making activity is part of burrow modification. The grazing activity is feeding on the surface mud after receding of tide and exposure of the tidal flat by left and right movement of the front part of the body. The most conspicuous activity is burrowing, they construct unlined, vertical to incline 'I', 'J' and 'Y' shaped branched, circular to oval burrows with varying diameter and depth. In the muddy sediments goby fish produced circular to oval rimmed muddy lumps as surfacial expression around the burrows and further produced funnel shape depression and downward extended cylindrical holes, while in the runnels burrows are usually small and simple. The trail is consisting of fin marking on either side of the tail marks (grooves) which are radiate around the burrows. Occasionally burrows are interconnected in more than one burrow system which is nested within single funnel structure on the surface.
The burrow systems of the goby fish in the intertidal sediments serves for protection and dwelling purpose and most importantly these burrows are irrigated by water which supply the oxygen and keep body surface wet. The overall dimensions of the burrow decrease towards the lower intertidal zone. In all, behavioural structure produced by the goby fish marks the combined activity of dwelling, feeding and grazing. The complex behavioural mechanisms have helped the goby fish to survive and flourish in the harsh intertidal environments along the Navinal Coast, in the Gulf of Kachchh.
Keywords
Mud-Skippers, Biogenic Activities, Intertidal, Navinal, Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat.References
- AGUILAR, N.M. (2000) Comparative physiology of air-breathing gobies. PhD dissertation, University of California, San Diego, USA.
- ATKINSON, R.J.A. and TAYLOR, A.C. (1991). Burrows and burrowing behaviour of fish. In: P.S. Meadows and A. Meadows (Eds.), The Environmental Impact of Burrowing Animals and Animal Burrows. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp.133-155.
- BAJPAI SUNIL and VIVESH VIR KAPUR. (2004) Oldest known gobiids from Vastan Lignite Mine (early Eocene), Surat District, Gujarat. Curr. Sci., v.87(4), pp.433-435.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1974) Landscape of Kutch - A morphotectonic analysis. Indian Jour. Earth Sci., v.1, pp.177-198.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1982) Rift Basins in Western margin of India and their hydrocarbon prospects with special reference to Kutch basin. Amer. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., v.66(10), pp.1497-1513.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1987) Regional tectonic framework, structure and evolution of the western marginal basins of India. Tectonophysics, v.135, pp.307-327.
- BRILLET, C. (1969) Etude du comportement constructeur des poissons amphibies Periophthalmidae. Terre et la Vie, v.23(4), pp.496-520.
- CHAUHAN, O.S., ALMEDIA, F. and MORAES, C. (1993) Regional geomorphology of the continental slope of NW of the signature of deep seated structures. Marine Geodesy., v.15, pp.283-296.
- CLAYTON, D.A. (1993) Mudskippers. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., v.31, pp.507-577.
- DESAI, B.G. and PATEL, S.J. (2008) Trace Fossil Assemblages (Ichnocoenoses) of the Tectonically Uplifted Holocene Shorelines, Kachchh, Western India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.71, pp.527-540
- EL-ZIADY, S., EISSA, S.M. and AL-NAQI, Z. (1979) Ecological studies on the mud-skipper fish Periophthalmus chrysospilos (Bleeker) in Kuwait. Bull. Fac. Sci., Cairo Univ., v.48, pp.113- 134.
- GIBSON, R.N. (1969) The biology and behaviour of littoral fish. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., v.7, pp.367-410.
- GORDON, M.S., BOETIUS, I., EVANS, D.H., MCCARTHY, R. and OGLESBY, L.C. (1969) Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial life in amphibious fishes I: the mudskipper, Periophthalmus sobrinus. Jour. Exp. Biol., v.50, pp.141-149.
- GORDON, M.S., NG, W.W.-S. and YIP, A.Y.-W. (1978) Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial life in amphibious fishes. III. The Chinese mudskipper Periophthalmus cantonensis. Jour. Exp. Biol., v.72, pp.57-75.
- GRAHAM, J. B. (1976) Respiratory adaptations of marine airbreathing fishes. In: G. M. Hughes (Ed.), Respiration of amphibious vertebrates. Academic Press, London, pp.165-187.
- GRAHAM, J.B. (1997) (Ed.) Air-breathing Fishes. Evolution, Diversity and Adaptation. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
- HEEMSTRA, P. and HEEMSTRA, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Services Centre (NISC) and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown.
- HORA, S.L. (1935a) Ecology and bionomics of the Gobioid fishes of the Gangetic Delta. Int. Cong. Zool., v.12, pp.841-865.
- HORA, S.L. (1935b) Physiology, bionomics, and evolution of the air-breathing fishes of India. Trans. Natn. Inst. Sci. India, v.1, pp.1-16.
- ISHIMATSU, A., TAKEDA, T., KANDA T., OIKAWA, S. and KHOO, K.H. (2000) Burrow environment of mudskippers in Malaysia. Jour. Bioscience, v.11(1,2), pp.17-28.
- ISHIMATSU, A., HISHIDA, Y., TAKITA, T., KANDA, T., OIKAWA, S., TAKEDA, T. and KHOO, K. H. (1998b) Mudskippers store air in their burrows. Nature, v.391, pp.237-238.
- ISHIMATSU, A., KHOO, K.H. and TAKITA, T. (1998a) Deposition of air in burrows of tropical mudskippers as an adaptation to the hypoxic mudflat environment. Sci. Prog. v.81, pp.289- 297.
- KAR, A. (1993) Neotectonic influence on morphological variations along the coastline of Kachchh, India. Geomorphology, v.8, pp.199-219.
- KARPLUS, I. (1987). The association between gobiid fishes and burrowing alpheid shrimps. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., v.25, pp.507-562.
- KARPLUS, I., SZELP, R.R. and TSURNAMAL, M. (1972) Associated behavior of the fish Cryptocentrus cryptocentrus (Gobiidea) and the pistol shrimp Alpheus djiboutensis (Alpheidae) in artificial burrows. Mar. Bio., v.15, pp.95-104.
- KARPLUS, I., SZELP, R.R. and TSURNAMAL, M. (1974) The burrows of alpheid shrimps associated with gobiid in the north Red sea. Mar. Bio., v.24, pp.259-268
- LEE H.J., MARTINEZ C.A., HERTZBERG K.J., HAMILTON A.L. and GRAHAM J.B. (2005) Burrow air phase maintenance and respiration by the mudskipper Scartelaos histophorus (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae). Jour. Experimental Biology, v.208, pp.169-177.
- LEE, H.J. and GRAHAM, J.B. (2002). Their game is mud. Nat. Hist., v.9/02, pp.42-47.
- MACNAE, W. (1968) A general account of the fauna and flora of mangrove swamps and forests in the Indo-west Pacific region. Adv. Mar. Biol., v.6, pp.73-270.
- MAGNUS, D.B.E. (1967) Zur Okologie sedimentbewohnender Alpheus Garnelen (Decapoda, Natantia) des Roten Meers. Helgolaender. Wiss. Meeresunters, v.15, pp.506-522.
- MURDY, E.O. (1989) A Taxonomic Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Oxudercine Gobies (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae). Rec. Australian Museum Suppl., v.11, pp.1-93.
- PATEL, S.J. and DESAI, B.G. (1999) Animal- sediment relationship in a modern tidal flats environment on Mundra coast, Gulf of Kachchh. Gondwana Geol. Mag., v.4, pp.315-320.
- PATEL, S.J., DESAI, B.G. and BHATT N.Y. (2001) Neotectonic evolution of the coastal landforms between Jakhau and Mundra, Gulf of Kachchh, Western India. Bull. Indian Geol.Assoc., v.34, pp.221-232.
- SASEKUMAR, A., CHONG, V.C., LIM, K.H. and Singh, H.R. (1994) The Fish Community of Matang Mangrove Waters, Malaysia. In: S. Sudara, C.R. Wilkinson and L.M. Chou (Eds.). Proc. Third ASEAN-Australia Symposium on Living Coastal Resources, Bangkok, Chulalonghorn University, Thailand, v.2, pp.457- 464.
- SCHOLANDER, P.F., VAN DAM, L. and SCHOLANDER, S. I. (1955) Gas exchange in the ischolar_mains of mangroves. Amer. Jour. Bot., v.42, pp.92-98.
- STEBBINS, R.C. and KALK, M. (1961) Observations on the natural history of the mudskipper Periophthalmus sobrinus. Copeia 1961, pp.18-27.
- TAKITA, T., AGUSNIMAR and ALI, A. B. (1999) Distribution and habitat requirements of oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) along the Straits of Malacca. Ichthyol. Res., v.46, pp.131-138.
- TYTLER, P. and VAUGHAN, T. (1983) Thermal Ecology of the Mudskippers Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas) and Boleophthalmus boddaerti (Pallas), of Kuwait Bay. Jour. Fish Biology, v.23 (3), pp.327-337.
- YANAGISAWA, Y. (1982) Social behavior and mating system of the gobiid fish Amblyeleotris japonica. Jap. Jour. Ichthyol. v.28, pp.401-422.
- YANAGISAWA, Y. (1984). Studies on the interspecific relationship between gobiid fish and snapping shrimp. 2. Life history and pair formation of snapping shrimp Alpheus bellulus. Pbul. Seto. Mar. Biol. Lab., v.29, pp.93-116.
- Upper Callovian-Middle Oxfordian Belemnite Assemblage from Jara Dome, Western Kachchh
Abstract Views :213 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Petroleum Technology, P.D.P.U. Raisan Village, Gandhinagar - 382 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
1 Institute of Petroleum Technology, P.D.P.U. Raisan Village, Gandhinagar - 382 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 343-356Abstract
Belemnites and ammonites were collected from the Dhosa Oolite beds of Jara Dome in Kachchh. The Dhosa Oolite is an important marker of the Mesozoic sediments exposed in the Kachchh Basin. Nine belemnite species are reported belonging to four genera Belemnopsis, Demubelus, Hibolithes and Conodicoelites. These include Belemnopsis cf. moluccana Boehm, B. calloviensis Oppel, Demubelus weberi Stolley, Hibolithes boloides Stolley, H. longiscissus Stolley, H. cf. compressus Stolley, H. jumarensis Waagen, H. budhaichus Stoliczka and Conodicoelites cf. abadi Challinor. Besides the belemnites, diagnostic ammonoid fauna are also recorded from the studied section enabling better controlled stratigraphic resolution and biostratigraphic correlation. Taxonomic studies on the different belemnite species are presented with illustration for reference.Keywords
Belemnites, Ammonites, Callovian, Oxfordian, Jara Dome, Western Kachchh, Gujarat.References
- Besairie, H. (1930) Researches Geologiques a Madagascar. Basuyau Toulouse
- BESAIRIE, H. and COLLIGNON, M. (1956a) Madagascar-1. Lex. Stratigr. Int., v.4(11), Paris.
- BESAIRIE, H. and COLLIGNON, M. (1956b) Le systeme cretace a Madagascar. Trav. Bur. Geol Madagascar, v.77, Tananarive.
- BISWAS, S.K.(1977) Mesozoic rock stratigraphy of Kutch. Quart. Jour. Geol., Min. Metal. Soc. India, v.49, pp.1-52.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1978) On status of the Bhuj and Umia series of Kutch, W. India. Proc. VIIth Indian Colloq. Micropaleontology and Stratigraphy, pp.6-16.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1987) Regional tectonic framework, structure and evolution of India, with special reference to western margin basins of India. Tectonophysics, v.135, pp.307-327.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1993) Geology of Kutch, Vol.1. KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Dehradun (released 2001), 450p.
- BOEHM, G. (1907) Beitrage zur Geologie von Niederlandisch- Indien: 1:Die Sudkusten der Sula-Inseln Taliabu und Mangoli. Part 2: Der Fundpunkt am Oberon Lagoi auf Taliabu-Palaeontography, v.4, pp.49-120.
- CHALLINOR, A.B. (1989) The succession of Belemnopsis in the Late Jurassic of Eastern Indonesia. Palaeontology, v.32(3), pp.571-596.
- CHALLINOR, A.B. (1991a) Revision of the belemnites of Misool and a review of the belemnites of Indonesia. Palaeontographica Abt A, v.218, pp.87-164.
- CHALLINOR, A.B. (1991b) Belemnite sucessions and faunal provinces in southwest pacific and the belemnites of Gondwana. Bureau of Mineral Resource Jour. Australian Geol. Geophys., v.12, pp.301-325.
- CHALLINOR, A.B. and SKWARKO, S.K. (1982) Jurassic belemnites from Sula Islands, Moluccas, Indonesia. Geological Research and Development Centre, Indonesia. Paleontology Series, v.3, pp.1-89.
- CHALLINOR, A.B., HOWLETT, P.J. and NAL’NYAEVA, T.I. (2005) Belemnites of circum-Pacific region. In: G.E.G Westermann (Ed.), The Jurassic of Circum Pacific. pp.334-341.
- COMBEMOREL, R. (1988) Les bélemnites de Madagascar. Documents des Lab.de Géol. Lyon, v.104, pp.1-239.
- DESAI, B.G. and JAIN, S. (Ms submitted) Early Callovian Indonesian Ammonites from the Basal sediments of the Jara Dome, Kachchh, western India.
- DOYLE, P. and BENNETT, M.R. (1995) Belemnites in biostratigraphy. Paleontology, v.38(4), pp.815-829.
- DOYLE, P., DONOVAN, D.T. and NIXON, M. (1994) Phylogeny and Systematics of Celeoidea. In: Univ. Kansas Paleont. Contrib. No.5, pp.1-15.
- HEIM, A. and GANSSER, A. (1939) Central Himalaya: Geological observations of the Swiss expeditions 1939. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschended Gesellschaft, v.73(1), p.245.
- JELETZKY, J.A. (1980) Dicoelitid belemnites from the Toarcian- Middle Bajocian of Western and Arctic Canada. Geol. Surv. Canada Bull., v.338, pp.1-71.
- KANJILAL, S. and PRASAD, S. (1992) Geology and Stratigraphy of the Callovian-Oxfordian (Jurassic) rocks of Jara Dome, District Kachchh, Gujarat, W. India. Jour. Indian Acad. Geoscience, v.35(1), pp.1-18.
- KRISHNA, J, PATHAK, D.B. and PANDEY, B. (1998) Development of Oxfordina (Early Upper Jurassic) in the Most Proximally exposed part of Kachchh basin at Wagad Outside the Kachchh Mainland. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.52, pp.513-522.
- KRISHNA, J., PATHAK, D.B., PANDEY, B. and OJHA, J.R. (2000) Transgressive sediment intervals in the Late Jurassic of Kachchh, India. GeoResearch Forum, v.6, pp.321-332.
- NICOLAI, M. (1950-1) Etude de Quelques Gisements Fossiliferes de Sud-ouest de Madagascar. Annals de Paleontology, v.36, pp.141-68, v.37, pp.1-46, Paris.
- OPPEL, A. (1857) Die Juraformation Englands, Frankreichs und Deutschlands. Jh. Ver. vaterl. Naturk. Württ. v.13, pp.141-396, pl. 4.
- PRASAD, S. (1998) Ammonite Biozonation of the Middle-Late Jurassic Sediments with special reference to Keera and Jara Dome, Kachchh District, Gujarat. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.52, pp.25-40.
- SPATH, L.F. (1934) The Jurassic and Cretaceous Ammonites and Belemnites of the Attock District. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Palaeontologia indica, v.XX, Mem. no.4 pp.1-51, Plate I-VI.
- SPATH, L.F. (1927-33) Revision of the Jurassic Cephalopod fauna of Kachh (Cutch). Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Palaeontologia indica, v.9(1 and 2), pp.1-945.
- STEVENS, G.R. (1964) The genera Dicoelites Boehm 1906 and Prodicoelites Stolley 1927. Palaeontology, v.74(4), pp.606-620.
- STEVENS, G.R. (1965) The Jurassic and cretaceous belemnites of New Zealand and a review of the Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites of Indo-Pacific region. New Zealand Geol. Surv. Palaeontology Bull., v.36, pp.283, 25pl.
- STOLICZKA, F. (1865) Geological studies across the Himalayan mountains from Wangtu Bridge on the River Sutlej to Sungdo on the Indus. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.5, pp.1-154.
- STOLLEY, E. (1929) Ueber ostindische Jura-belemniten. Palaontologie von timor, v.16., pp.91-213.
- STOLLEY, E. (1935) Zur Kenntnis des Jura und der Unterkreide von Misol. Palaontologischer Teil-Nues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaetologie. 73, (B-B) Abt. B: pp.42-69.
- UHLIG, V. (1910) The Fauna of the Spiti Shales (Cephalopoda). Paleontologica Indica, Ser.15(4).
- WAAGEN, W. (1873) Jurassic fauna of Kutch. Memoirs of Geological Survey of India. Paleontologica Indica, v.1, pp.1-106.
- WYNNE, A.B. (1872) Memoirs on the Geology of Kutch to accompany the Map compiled by A.B. Wynne and F. Fedden during the seasons of 1867-68 and 1868-69. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.9, 289p.
- YANG, T. and WU, S. (1964) Late Jurassic-Early cretaceous belemnites from South Tibet, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica., v.12(2)., pp.187-216.
- ZAIGHAM, N.A. and MALICK, K.A. (2000) Prospect of hydrocarbon associated with fossil-rift structures of the southern Indus basin, Pakistan. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geologist Bull., v.84(11), pp.1833-1848.
- Animal-Sediment Relationship of the Crustaceans and Polychaetes in the Intertidal Zone Around Mandvi, Gulf of Kachchh, Western India
Abstract Views :202 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
2 Institute of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, IN
1 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
2 Institute of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 233-259Abstract
Animal-sediment relationships of two benthic communities (Crustaceans and Polychaetes) were studied around Mandvi coast in the Gulf of Kachchh, Western India. This coast consists of many micro-geomorphic landforms in which benthic communities are inhabited and select their niches and produce endemic biogenic structures. Five intertidal subfacies have been described and four types of grounds are identified, based on substrate consistency. 18 species of crustaceans, 15 species of polychaetes and unsegmented worm nemertea have been identified. Crustacean behavioural activities were observed in dunes, beaches and ridge-runnel in the form of burrowing, pellet making, feeding and crawling traces. Pelleted wall lining burrows of the suspension feeder stomatopodean species of Oratosquilla striata are also abundant in runnels. Motile, deposit feeder polychaetes are abundant on the ridges and are occasionally found on the lower reaches of the beaches, while suspension and filter feeders are found in the runnels. Lagoons consist of mainly grouped funnel branched burrows of Oniphus eremita which is identical to ichnogenus Balanoglossites. Nemertea, which are opportunistic algal grazers, have exploited restricted niches for dwelling-feeding purposes and constructed vertical burrow with pentamerous conical mound. The shore platform consists of cemented, calcareous tubes of filter feeder Serpula along with symbiotic encrusters like Ostrea and barnacles. Ichnocoenoses are discussed and three-dimensional ichno-sedimentologic models are reconstructed for Beach, Ridge, Runnel and Lagoon of the Mandvi intertidal zone.Keywords
Bioturbation Structures, Intertidal Facies, Substrate Consistency, Mandvi Coast, Kachchh.References
- BARINGTON, E.J.W. (1965) The biology of Hemichordata and Protochordata, Edinburgh, pp.1-176.
- BRENCHLEY, G.A. (1976) Predator detection and avoidance: ornamentation of tube caps of Diopatra sp. (Polychaeta-Onuphidae). Mar. Biol., v.38, pp.179-188.
- BROMLEY, R.G. (1996) Trace Fossils: Biology, Taphonomy and Applications (2 Edition) Chapman and Hall, London, 361p.
- BROMLEY, R.G. and EKDALE, A.A. (1984) Chondrite: a trace fossil indicator of anoxia in sediments. Science, v.224, pp.872-874.
- BROMELY, R.G. and FURSICH, F.T. (1980) Comments on proposed amendments to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature regarding ichnotaxa. Z.N. (S.) 1973). Bull. Zoo. Nomen. v.37, pp.6-10.
- CARTER, R.W.G. (1986) The Morphodynamics of Beach and Ridge Formation: Magilligan, Northern Ireland. Mar. Geol., v.73, pp.191-214.
- CHAKRABARTI, A. (1981) Burrow patterns of the Ocypode ceratophthalma (Pallas) and their environment significance. Jour. Paleont., v.55, pp.431-441.
- CHAUHAN, O.S., ALMEDIA, F. and MORAES, C. (1993) Regional Geomorphology of the continental slope of NW India of signatures of Deep seated structures. Mar. Geol., v.15, pp.283-296.
- CLADWELL, R.L. and DINGLE, H. (1976) Stomatopods. Scientific American, v.234, pp.80-89.
- CURRAN, H.A. (1992) Trace fossils in Quaternary, Bahamian-style carbonate environments: the modern to fossil transition. In: C.G. Maples, and R.R. West (Eds.), Trace fossils, short course in paleontology, No.5.
- DAM, G. (1990) Paleoenvironmental significance of trace fossils from the shallow marine Lower Jurassic Neill Klinter Formation, East Greenland. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol., v.79, pp.221-248.
- DESAI, B.G. (2002) Animal-sediment relationship of the two benthic communities (crustaceans and polychaetes) in the intertidal zone around Mandvi, Gulf of Kachchh, Western India. Ph.D. Thesis, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 231p.
- DESAI, B.G. and PATEL, S.J. (2008) Trace fossil assemblages (Ichnocoenoses) of the Tectonically uplifted Holocene shoreline, Kachchh, Western India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.71, pp.527-540.
- DOLAN, R., VINCENT, L. and HAYDEN, B. (1974) Crescentic coastal landforms. Z. Geomorp., v.18, pp.1-12.
- DONALDSON, D. and SIMPSON, S. (1962) Chomatichnus, a new ichnogenus and other trace fossils of Wegber Quarry. Liver. Manch.Geol. Jour., v.3, pp.73-81.
- DORJES, J. and HERTWECK, G. (1975) Recent biocoenoses and ichnocoenoses in shallow water marine environments. In: R.W.Frey (Ed.), The Study of Trace fossils, New York: Springer Verlag, pp.459-491.
- DOTY, M.S. (1946) Critical tide factors that are correlated with the vertical distribution of marine algae and other organism along pacific coast. Ecology, v.27, pp.315-328.
- EKDALE, A.A. (1985) Paleoecology of marine endobenthos. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol., v.50, pp.63-81.
- EKDALE, A.A. (1992) Muckraking and Mudslinging: the joys of deposit feeding. In: C.G. Maples and R.R. West (Eds.), Trace fossils, short course in paleontology, No.5, pp.145-170.
- EKDALE, A.A. BROMLEY, R.G. and PEMBERTON, S.G. (1984) Ichnology - the use of trace fossils in Sedimentology and stratigraphy, SEPM, Short course, 15p.
- FAUCHALD, K. and JUMARS, P.A. (1979) The diet of worms: a study of polychaete feeding guilds. Ocean. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., v.17, pp.193-284.
- FREY, R.W. and HOWARD, J.D. (1988) Beaches and beach related facies, Holocene barrier island of Georgia. Geol. Magz., v.125, pp.621-640.
- FREY, R.W. and MAYOU, T.V. (1971) Decapod burrows in Holocene barrier island beaches and washover fans, Georgia. Senckn. Martima., v.3, pp.53-77.
- FREY, R.W. and PEMBERTON, S.G. (1987) The Psilonichnus ichnocoenose, and its relationship to adjacent marine and non-marine ichnocoenoses along the Georgia coast. Bull.Can. Petrol. Geol., v.35, pp.333-357.
- FREY, R.W., CURRAN, H.A. and PEMBERTON, S.G. (1984) Trace making activity of crabs and their environmental significance: The ichnogenus Psilonichnus. Jour. Paleont., v.58, pp.333-350.
- FREY, R.W., HOWARD, J.D. and PRYOR, W.A. (1978) Ophiomorpha: its morphologic, taxonomic, and environmental significance. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol., v.23, pp.199-229.
- GLENNIE, K.W. and EVANS, G (1976) A reconnaissance of the Recent sediments of the Ranns of Kutch, India. Sediment., v.23, pp.625-647.
- HAMANO, T., TORISAWA, M., MITSUHASHI, M. and HAYASHI, K. (1994) Burrows of Stomatopod crustacean Oratosquilla oratoria (DeHann,1844) in Ishikari Bay, Japan. Cretaceous Res., v.23, pp.5-11.
- HOWARD, J.D. (1972) Trace fossils as criteria for recognizing shorelines in stratigraphic record. In: J.K. Rigby and W.M.K.Hambil (Eds.), Recognition of ancient sedimentary environments. SEPM Spec. Publ., no.16, pp.215-25.
- HOWARD, J.D. and FREY, R.W. (1975) Regional Animal-sediment characteristic of Georgia estuaries. Senken. Maritama., v.7, pp.33-103.
- KAR, A. (1993) Neotectonic influence on morphologic Variations along the coastline of Kachchh India. Geomorph., v.8, pp.199-219.
- KAZMIERCZAK and PSZCZOLKOWSKI (1969) Burrows of Enteropneusta in Muschelkalk (middle Triassic) of the Holy Cross Mountain, Poland. Acta. Paleont. Polo., v.14, pp.299-315.
- KUMAR, N. and SANDERS J.E. (1976) Characteristics of shoreface storm deposits; modern and ancient examples. Jour. Sediment. Res., v.46, pp.145-162.
- LESZCZYNSKI, S., UCHMAN, A. and BROMLEY, R. (1996) Trace fossils indicating bottom aeration changes: Folusz limestone, Oligocene, Outer Carpathians, Poland. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol., v.121, pp.79-87.
- LEVINS, R. (1968) Evolution in changing environments. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 120p.
- MACGINITIE, G.E. and MACGINITIE, N. (1949) Natural History of Marine animals. McGrawl-Hill, New York, 473p.
- MANGUM, C.P., SANTOS, S.L. and THODES, W.R. (1968) Distribution and feeding in the Onuphid polychaete, Diopatra cuprea (Bosc). Mar. Biol., v.2, pp.33-40.
- MARTIN, D., BALLESTEROS, E., GILLI, J.M. and PALACIN, C. (1993) Small scale structure of infauna polychaete communities in an estuarine environmental Methodological approach. Estur. Coast. Shelf. Sci., v.36, pp.47-58.
- MYERS, A.C. (1972) Tube-worm sediment relationships of Diopatra cuprea (Polychaeta- Onuphidae). Mar. Biol., v.17, pp.350-356.
- PATEL, S.J. and DESAI, B.G. (2001) The republic day Kachchh Earthquake of 2001: Trauma in Oratosquilla striata. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.58, pp.215-216.
- PATEL, S.J. and DESAI, B.G. (1999) Animal-sediment relationship in a modern tidal flats environment on Mundra coast, Gulf of Kachchh. Gondwan Geol. Mag., v.4, pp.315-320.
- PATEL, S.J., DESAI, B.G. and BHATT, N.Y. (2002) Origin of air trap structures in beach-bar complex and their environmental significance. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.58, pp.391-399.
- PATEL, S.J., DESAI, B.G. and BHATT, N.Y. (2001) Neotectonic evolution of the coastal landforms between Jakhau and Mundra, Gulf of Kachchh, Western India. Bull. Ind. Geol. Assoc., v.34, pp.221-232.
- PEMBERTON, S. G., SPILA, M., PULHAM, A. J., SAUNDERS, T., MACEACHERN, J. A., ROBBINS, D. and SINCLAR, I. K. (2001) Ichnology and sedimentology of shallow marginal marine systems. Geol. Assoc. Canada, Short course notes, v.15, 343p.
- PRYOR, W.A. (1975) Biogenic sedimentation and alteration of the argillaceous sediments in shallow marine environments. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., v.86, pp.1244-1254.
- RINDSBERG, A.K. (1990) Ichnologic consequences of the 1985 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Ichnos., v.1, pp.59-63.
- ROUSE, G.W. and FAUCHALD, K. (1997) Cladistic and Polychaetes. Zool. Scripta., v.26(2), pp.139-204.
- SCHAFFNER, L.C. (1990) Small scale organism distributions and patterns of species deversity: evidence for positive interactions in an benthic community. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v.61, pp.107- 117.
- SEILACHER, A. (1953) Studien Zur Palichnologie. I Uber die Methoden der Palichnologie. Neus Jahr Geol palaon., v.96, pp.421-425.
- SKOOG, S.Y., VENN, C. and SIMPSON, E.L. (1994) Distribution of Diopatra cuprea across Modern Tidal Flats: Implications for Skolithos. Palaios, v.9, pp.188-201.
- SNELGROVE, P.L. and BUTMAN, C.A. (1994) Animal-sediment relationships revisited: Causes versus effect. Oceano. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., v.32, pp.111-177.
- STAPOR, F.W. (1975) Holocene beach ridge plain development, north-west Florida. Z.Geomorphol., v.22, pp.116-144.
- SWINBANKS, D.D. and MURRAY, J.W. (1981) Biosedimentologic zonnation of Boundary Bay tidal flats, Flaser River Delta, British columbia. Sediment., v.28, pp.201-237.
- THAYER, C.W. (1975) Sediment-Mediated Biological Disturbances and the evolution of Marine Benthos. In: M. J.S. Tevesz and P.L. McCall (Ed.) Biotic interactions in recent and fossil benthic communities. Plenum Press, v.3, pp.480-626.
- VAUGELAS, J. DE. (1991) Determination et abundance des peuplement de crustaces decapodes thalassinides fouisseurs (Upogebia et callianasa) de l'archipel des Lavezzi(corse). Traveaux scientifques du Parc Naturel Regional et des Reserves Naturelles de corse.
- WARNER, G. F. (1977) The Biology of Crabs. Elek Science, London, pp.1-202.
- WIESER, W. (1959) The effect of grain size on the distribution of small invertebrates inhabiting the beaches of Puget Sound. Limnol. Ocenogr., v.4, pp.181-194.
- WILSON, W.H. Jr. (1990) Competition and predation in marine soft sediment communities. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Sys., v.21, pp.221-241.
- WOODIN, A.A. and JACKSON, A.B.C. (1979) Interphyletic competition among marine benthos. Amer. Zool., v.19, pp.1029-1043.
- WRIGHT, L.D.; SCHAFFNER, L.C. and MAA, J.P.Y. (1997) Biological mediation of bottom boundary layer process and sediment suspension in the lower Chesapeake bay. Mar. Geol. 14: 27- 50.
- Bathymetric Significance of the Ichnofossil Assemblages of the Kulakkalnattam Sandstone, Ariyalur Area, Cauvery Basin
Abstract Views :171 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai - 600 025, IN
2 Department of Geology, M.S. University, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
3 Oil and Natural Corporation Ltd, Chennai - 600 049, IN
1 Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai - 600 025, IN
2 Department of Geology, M.S. University, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
3 Oil and Natural Corporation Ltd, Chennai - 600 049, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 76, No 5 (2010), Pagination: 525-532Abstract
Well preserved ichnofossils were found in Kulakkalnattam sandstone exposed at Kulakkalnattam stream in Ariyalur area, Cauvery Basin. It consists of infaunal structures of both suspension and deposit feeders. Five ichnofossils are present in a fine to coarse grain sandstone which includes Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus, Planolites Skolithos, and Thalassinoides. The study infers that ichnofossils Skolithos and Ophiomorpha are infaunal colonization of the suspension feeders in high energy condition in shifting substrate, whereas Thalassinoides and Planolites-Palaeophycus ichnofossils indicate infaunal deposit feeders living at the sediment-sediment interface in low to moderate energy conditions. Furthermore, the abundance and diversity of the trace fossils indicates there was alternatively fluctuations in energy conditions which lead to development of Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies type condition during the deposition of Kulkkallanattam sandstone in foreshore-shoreface environments.Keywords
Ichnofossils, Kulakkalnattam Sandstone, Ariyalur Area, Cauvery Basin.- Trace Fossil Assemblages in Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Sediments of the Kaladongar Formation (Middle Jurassic), Patcham Island, Kachchh, Western India
Abstract Views :231 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
2 Geology Department, M.G. Science Institute, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 390 009, IN
1 Department of Geology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
2 Geology Department, M.G. Science Institute, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 390 009, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 80, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 189-214Abstract
The Middle Jurassic rocks of the Kaladongar Formation well exposed in the Kaladongar Hill range of the Patcham Island and Kuar Bet of the Northern Kachchh comprises of ∼450 m thick sequence of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments intercalated with shales. These Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments show wide variation in textural and mineralogical composition and represent genetically related six rock types: micritic sandstone, allochemic sandstone, sandy allochemic limestone, micrtic mudrock, sandy micrite and muddy micrite; which are highly bioturbated and show behaviourally diverse groups of trace fossils. Total 34 ichnogenera are identified, which includes, Arenicolites, Asterosoma, Beaconites, Bergaueria, Chondrites, Cochlichnus, Dactylophycus, Daedalus, Didymaulichnus, Diplocraterion, Gordia, Gyrochorte, Gyrolithes, Ichnocumulus, Laevicyclus, Lockeia, Margaritichnus, Monocraterion, Nereites, Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus, Phoebichnus, Phycodes, Pilichnus, Planolites, Plug Shaped Form, Protovirgularia, Rhizocorallium, Scolicia, Skolithos, Taenidium, Teichichnus, Thalassinoides and Walcottia. These trace fossils are classified into six morphological groups namely, circular and elliptical structures; simple structures; branched structures; rosette structures; spreiten structures; and winding and meandering structures. These trace fossils are further group into eight assemblages which occurred together into mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments, include, Asterosoma assemblage, Gyrochorte assemblage, Rhizocorallium assemblage, Thalassinoides assemblage, Planolites-Palaeophycus assemblage, Phycodes assemblage, Ophiomorpha assemblage and Skolithos assemblage. The recurring pattern of these assemblages through the sequence displays the development of Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies and at places the mixed Skolithos-Cruziana ichnofacies which suggest a low wave and current energy conditions with intervening period of high wave and current energy conditions and an intermediate period of stressful environments, respectively. Sedimentological and ichnological data suggest that the deposition of the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments of the Kaladongar Formation took place in the foreshore to offshore environment under fluctuating wave and current energy condition.Keywords
Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Sediments, Trace Fossil Assemblages, Shallow Marine, Kaladongar Formation, Middle Jurassic, Kachchh, Western India.References
- ABEL, O. (1935). Vorzeitliche Lebensspuren. Gutav Fischer (Jena), 644 p.
- AGRAWAL, S.K. and PANDEY, D.K. (1985). Biostratigraphy of Bathonian Callovian Beds of Goradongar in Pachchham “Island”, District Kachchh (Gujarat). Proc. Indian National Sci. Acad., v.51, pp.887-903.
- ALPERT, S. (1973). Bergaueria Prantl (Cambrian and Ordovician), a probable actinian trace fossil. Jour. Palaeont., v.47, pp.919-924.
- ALTEVOGT, G. (1968). Erste Asterosoma-Funde (Problem.) aus der oberen Kreide Westfalens. Neus Jahrb. Geologie, Paläontologie, Abhandl., v.132, pp.1-8.
- BADVE, R.M. (1987) Reassessment of stratigraphy of Bagh beds, Barwah area, Madhya Pradesh, with description of trace fossils. Jour. Geol Soc. India, v.30, pp.106-120.
- BANDEL, K. (1973) A new name for ichnogenus Cylindrichnus Bandel, 1967. Jour. Palaeont., v.47, pp.1002.
- BARWIS, J.H. (1985) Tubes of the modern polychaete Diopatra cuprea as current velocity indicators and as analogs for Skolithos-Monocraterion: in Biogenic structures; their use in interpreting depositional environments. H.A. Curran (Ed.), Spec. Publ., Soc. Eco. Paleont. Min., v.35, pp.225-235.
- BENTON, M. J. and GRAY, D. I. (1981) Lower Silurian distal shelf storm-induced turbidites in the Welsh Borders: sediments, tool marks and trace fossils Jour. Geol. Soc., v.138; pp.675-694.
- BILLINGS, E. (1862) New species of fossils from different parts of the Lower, Middle and Upper Silurian rocks of Canada. In: Palaeozoic fossils, v.1, pp.96-168.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1977) Mesozoic rock stratigraphy of Kutch, Gujarat, Quart. Jour. Geol. Min. Met. Soc. India, v.49 (3&4). pp.1-52.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1982) Rift basins ofwestern margins of India with special reference to Kutch basin and its hydrocarbon prospectus. Bull. A.A.P.G., v.66(10), pp.1497-1513.
- BISWAS, S.K. (1987) Regional tectonic framework, structure and evolution of the western marginal basins of India, Tectonophysics, v.135. pp.307-327.
- BOTTJER, D.J., DROSER, M.L. and JABLONSKI, D. (1987) Bathymetric trends in the history of trace fossils. In: D.J. Bottjer et al. (Eds.), New Concepts in the Use of Biogenic Sedimentary Structures for Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation. SEPM, Pacific Section, Los Angeles, pp.57-65.
- BROMLEY, R.G. (1990) Trace Fossils: Biology, Taphonomy and Applications. Chapman and Hall, London, pp.1-280.
- BROMLEY, R.G. and FREY, R.W. (1974). Redescription of the trace fossil Gyrolithes and taxonomic evalutation of Thalassinoides, Ophiomorpha, and Spongeliomorpha. Bull. Geolo. Soc. Den., v.23, pp.311-335.
- BROMLEY, R.G. and ASGAARD, U. (1972) Notes on Greenland trace fossils: I. Fresh water Cruziana from the Upper Triassic of Jameson Land, East Greenland. II. The burrows and microcoprolites of Glyphea rosenkrantzi, a Lower Jurassic palinuran crustacean from Jameson Land, East Greenland. III. A large radiating burrow-system in Jurassic micaceous sandstones of Jameson Land, East Greenland. Geol. UndersØgelse publication, Rapport no.49, pp.1-30.
- Brongniart, A. T. (1828). Histoire des vegetaux fossils ou recherches botaniques et geologiques sur les vegetaux renfermes dans les diversses couches du globe. Dufour G. and D’Ocagne. E., v.1, pp.1-136.
- CARMONA, N.B., BUATOIS L.A., MÁNGANO M.G. and BROMLEY, R.G. (2008) Ichnology of the Lower Miocene Chenque Formation, Patagonia, Argentina: animal - substrate interactions and the Modern Evolutionary Fauna. Ameghiniana v. 45, pp.1-32.
- CHAMBERLAIN, C.K. (1971) Morphology and ethology of trace fossils from the Ouachita Mountains, southeastern Oklahoma. Jour. Paleont., v.45, pp.212-246.
- CRIME, T.P. and ANDERSON, M.M. (1985) Trace fossils from Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian strata of southeastern Newfoundland (Canada): temporal and environmental implications. Journ. Palaeont., v.59(2), pp.310-343.
- CRIMES, T.P. (1987) Trace fossils and correlation of late Precambrian and early Cambrian strata. Geol. Mag., v.124(2), pp.97-119.
- CRIMES, T.P. and CROSSLEY, J. D. (1991) A diverse ichnofauna from the Silurian flysch of the Aberrystwyth Grits Formation, Wales. Geol. Jour., v.26, pp.27-64.
- CRIMES, T.P. (1977) Trace fossils in an Eocene deep-sea sand fan northern Spain. In: T.P. Crimes and J.C. Harper (Eds.), Trace Fossils - 2. Geol. Jour. Spec. Issue, v.9, pp.71-90.
- CRIMES, T. P., LEGG, I., MARCOS, A. and ARBOLEYA, M. (1977) Late Precambrian-low Lower Cambrian trace fossils from Spain. Geol. Jour. Spec. Iss., v.9, pp.91-138.
- CRIMES, T.P., GOLDRING, R. HOMEWOOD, P., VAN STUIJVENBERG, J. and WINKLER, W. (1981) Trace Fossils assemblages of deep-sea fan deposits, Grunigel and Schlieren flysch (Cretaceous-Eocene, Switzerland). Eclogue Geologice Helvetiae. v.74, pp.953-995.
- D’ALESSANDRO, A. (1980) Prime osservazioni sulla ichnofauna miocenica della ‘Formazione di Gorgoglione’ (Castelmezzano, Potenza). Riv. Ital. Paleont. Stratigr., v.86, pp.357-398.
- EAGAR, R.M.C., BAINES, J.G., COLLINSON, J.D., HARDY, P.G., OKOLO, S.A. and POLLARD, J.E. (1985) Trace fossil assemblages and their occurrence in Silesian (mid-Carboniferous) deltaic sediments of the Central Pennine Basin, England. In: Curran, H.A. (Ed.), Biogenic sedimentary structures: their use in interpreting depositional environments. Soc. Econ. Min. Paleontol. Spec. Publ., v.35, pp.99-149.
- EHRENBERG, K. (1944) Ergänzende Bemerkungen zu den seinerzeitaus dem Miozan von Burgschleinitz beschriebenen Gangkernen und Bauten dekapoder Krebse. Paläont. Zeitchr., v.23, pp.354-359.
- EKDALE, A.A. and BROMLEY, R.G. (2001) Bioerosional innovation for living in carbonate hardgrounds in the Early Ordovician of Sweden. Lethaia, v.34, pp.1-12.
- EKDALE, A.A. and MASON, T.R. (1988) Characteristic trace-fossil associations in oxygen-poor sedimentary environments. Geology, v.16(8), pp.720-723.
- EKDALE, A.A., BROMLEY, R.G. and PEMBERTON, S.G. (1984) Ichnology: The use of trace fossils in sedimentology and stratigraphy. SEPM short course, v.15, 317 p.
- EMMONS, E. (1844) The Taconic system, based on observations in New York, Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont, and Rhode Island. Caroll and Cook printers (Albany). v.69, 63p.
- FILLION, D. and PICKRILL, R.K. (1990) Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? To Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeont Can, v.7, pp.119.
- FIRTION, F. (1958) Sur la presence dichnites dans le Portlandien de l’ille d’oleron (Charente maritime). Ann. Univ. Saraviens. (Naturw.), v.7, pp.107-112.
- FÖLLMI, K.B. and GRIMM, K.A. (1990) Doomed pioneers: Gravity-flow deposition and bioturbation in marine oxygen-deficient environments. Geology, v.18, pp.1069-1072.
- FRAIPONT, Ch. (1915) Essais de paleontology experimentale. Geol. Fören. Stockholm, Förhandl., v.37, pp.435-451.
- FREY, R.W., PEMBERTON, S.G. and FRAGERSTROM, J.A. (1984) Morphological, ethological and environmental significance of the ichnogenera Scoyenia and Ancorichnus. Journ. Palaeont., v.58(2), pp.511-528.
- FREY, R.W., HOWARD, J.D. and PRYOR, W.A. (1978) Ophiomorpha: its morphologic, taxonomic and environmental significance. Palaeogeo. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoeco., v.23, pp.199-299.
- FU, S. (1991) Funktion, Verhalten und Einteilung fucoider und lophoctenoider Lebensspuren. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v.135, pp.1-79.
- FÜRSICH, F.T. (1974a) On Diplocraterion TORELL, 1870 and significance of morphological features in vertical, spreiten bearing, U-shaped trace fossils. Jour. Paleont., v.48, pp.952-962.
- Fürsich, F.T. (1974b) Corallian (Upper Jurassic) trace fossils from England and Normandy. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Series B, v.13, pp.1-51.
- FÜRSICH, F.T. (1974c) Ichnogenus Rhizocorallium. Palaont Zeitschr, v.48, pp.16-28.
- Fürsich, F.T. (1975) Trace fossils as environmental indicators in the Corallian of England and Normandy. Lethaia, v.8, pp.151-172.
- FÜRSICH, F.T. (1998) Environmental distribution of trace fossils in the Jurassic of Kachchh (Western India). Facies, v.39, pp.243-272.
- FÜRSICH F.T. and HEINBERG, C. (1983) Sedimentology, Biostratinomy, and palaeoecology of an Upper Jurassic offshore sand bar complex. Bull. Geol. Soc. Denmark, v.32, pp.67-95.
- FÜRSICH, F.T., PANDEY, D.K., COLLOMON, J.H., JAITLY, A.K. and SINGH, I.B. (2001) Marker beds in the Jurassic of the Kachchh basin, Western India: their depositional environment and sequence stratigraphic significance. Jour. Palaeont. Soc. India, v.46, pp.173-198.
- FÜRSICH, F.T., COLLOMON, J H., PANDEY, D.K. and JAITLY, A.K. (2004) Environments and faunal patterns in the Kachchh rift basin, Western India, during the Jurassic. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v.110(1), pp.181-190.
- GHARE, M.A. and KULKARNI, K.G. (1986) Jurassic ichnofaunal of kutch-II. Wagad region. Biovigyanam, v.12(1), pp.44-62.
- GIBERT, J.M. DE. and BENNER, J.S. (2002) The trace fossils Gyrochorte: ethology and paleoecology. Revista Espanola de paleontologia, v.17, pp.1-12.
- GLOCKER, F.E. (1841) Uber die kalkfuhrende Sandstein formation auf beiden Seiten der mittleren March, in dr Gegend zwischen Kwassitz und Kremsier. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. Germaan. Natur. Curios, v.19, pp.309-334.
- GOLDRING, R. (1962) The trace fossils of the Baggy Beds (upper Devonian) of North devon, England. Palaont. Zeitschr., v.36, pp.235.
- GOLDRING, R., CADEE, G.C., D’ALESSANDRO, A., DE GIBERT, J.M., JENKINS, R. and POLLARD, J.E. (2004) Climatic control of trace fossil distribution in the marine realm. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., v.228, pp.77-92.
- GOTZINGER, G. and BECKER, H. (1932) Zur geologischen Gliederung des Wienerwaldflysches (Neue Fossilfunde). Geol. Bundesanst. Wien, Jahrb., v.82, pp.343-396.
- HAKES, W.G. (1977) Trace fossils in the Late Pennsylavanian cyclothems, Kansas. In: T.P. Crimes and J.C. Harper (Eds.), Trace fossils 2. Geol. Jour. Spec issue 9, pp.209-226.
- HALDEMAN, S.S. (1840) Supplement to number one of “A monograph of the Limniades, and other freshwater univalve shells of North America”, containing descriptions of apparently new animals in different classes, and the names and characters of the subgeneral in Paludina and Anculosa. Philadelphia, J. Dobson public., pp.1- 3.
- HALL, J. (1852) Palaeontology of New York. State of New York, v.1, 338p.
- HÄNTZSCHEL, W. (1962) Trace fossils and problematica. In: R.C. Moore (Ed.), Treastise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W, Miscellanea. Geol.Soc. Amer. and Univ. Kansas Press. pp.177-245.
- HÄNTZSCHEL, W. (1975) Trace fossils and problematica. In: Teichert, C. (Ed.), Treatise on invertebrate palaeontology. Lawrence, pp.177-259.
- Heer, O. (1865) Die Urwelt der Schweiz. F. Schulthess (Zürich), v.622, pp.368.
- HEER, O. (1877) Flora Fossilis Hselvetiae. Die vorweltiliche Flora der Schweiz, pp.182.
- HITCHCOCK, E. (1858) Ichnology of New England: a report on the sandstone of the Connecticut Valley, especially its footprints. White (Boston), pp. 220.
- HOWARD, J.D. and FREY, R.W. (1984) Characteristics trace fossils in nearshore to offshore sequences, Upper cretaceous of eastcentral Utah. Can. Jour. Earth Sci., v.21, pp.200-219.
- HOWARD, J.D. and SINGH, I.B. (1985) Trace fossils in the Mesozoic sediments of Kachchh, Western India. Palaeogeo. Palaeoclim. Palaeoeco., v. 52(1 & 2), pp. 99-121.
- JAMES, U.P. (1879) Description of new species of fossils and remarks on some others, from the Lower and Upper Silurian rocks of Ohio. The palaeontologist, v.3, pp.17-24.
- KERN, J. P. H. and WARME, J. E. (1974) Trace fossils and bathymetry of the Upper Cretaceous Point Loma Formation, San Diego, California. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., v.85, pp.893-900.
- KNOX, R.W.O’B. (1973) Ichnogenus Corophiodes. Lethaia, v.6, pp.133-146.
- KSIAZKIEWICZ, M. (1977) Trace fossils in the flysch of the Polish Carpathians: Paleont. Polonica, v.36, pp.208.
- KULKARNI, K.G. and GHARE, M.A. (1989) Stratigraphic distribution of Ichnotaxa from the Wagad region, Kutch. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.33, pp.259-267.
- KULKARNI, K.G and GHARE, M.A. (1991) Locomotary traces (Repichnia) from the Jurassic sequence of Kutch, Gujarat, Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.37, pp.374-387.
- LESSERTISSEUR, J. (1955) Traces fossiles d’activitié animale et leur significance paléobiologique. Soc. Geol. Fr., Mem., New Ser., v.74, pp.1-150.
- LUNDGREN, R. (1891) Fossile Pflanzenreste aus der palaeolithoschen Formation von Dillenburg, Biedenkopf und Friedberg und aus dem Saalfeldischen. Palaeontographica, v.17, pp.105-128.
- M’COY, F. (1850) On some genera and species of Silurian Radiata in the collection of the University of Cambridge: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 2, v. 6, pp. 270-290
- MACLEAY, W.S. (1839) Note on the annelid. In: J. Murray (Ed.), The Silurian system, Murchison, R.I., Part II, Organic remains, London. pp.699-701.
- MANGANO, M.G., BUATOIS, L.A., WEST, R.R. and MAPLES, C.G. (1998) Contrasting behavioral and Feeding Strategies Recorded by Tidal-flat Bivalve Trace Fossils from the Upper Carboniferous of Eastern Kansas. Palaios, v.13, pp.335-351.
- MARTINSSON, A. (1965) Aspects of a Middle Cambrian thanatotope on Õland. Geologiska Förening in Stockholm Förhandlingar, v.87, pp.181-230.
- MARTINSSON, A. (1970) Toponomy of trace fossils. In: T.P. Crimes and J. C. Harper (Eds.), Trace fossils. Geol. Jour. Spec. Issue, v.3, pp.323-330.
- MAYER, G. (1954) Ein neues Rhizocorallium aus dem mittleren Hauptmuschelkalk von Bruchsal. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeurtschland, v.13, pp.80-83.
- MILLER, S.A. and DYER, C.B. (1878). Contribution to paleontology, no.1. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. History, Jour., v.1, pp.24-39.
- MOUNT, J. (1985) Mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments: a proposed first order textural and compositional classification, Sedimentology, v.32, pp.435-442.
- MYERS, A.C. (1970) Some palaeoichnological observations of tube of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc). In: T.P. Crimes and J. C. Harper (Eds.), Trace fossils. Geol. Jour., Spec. Issue 3, Seel House Press (Liverpool), pp.331-334.
- MYROW, P.M. (1995) Thalassinoides and the enigma of Early Paleozoic open-framework burrow systems. Palaios, v.10, pp. 58-74.
- NARBONNE, G. M. (1984) Trace fossils in Upper Silurian tidal flat to basin slope carbonates of Arctic Canada. Journ. Paleont., v. 58, pp. 398-415.
- NATHORST, A. G. (1881) Om spår af nagra evertebrerade djur m. m. och deras palæontologiska betydelse (Mémoire sur quelques traces d’animaux sans vertèbres etc. et de leur portée paléontologique) Konglinga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Handlingar, v.18(2), pp.1-104.
- NETO DE CARVALHO, C. and RODRIGUES, N. P. C. (2007) Compound Asterosoma ludwigae Schlirf, 2000 from the Jurassic of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): conditional strategies in the behavior of Crustacea. Jour. Iber. Geol, v.33(2), pp.295-310.
- NICHOLSON, H.A. (1873) Contributions to the study of the errant annelides of the older Paleozoic rocks: Royal Soc. London, Proc., v.21, pp.288-290 (also Geol. Mag., v.10, pp.309-310).
- OSGOOD, R.G. (1970) Trace fossils of the Cincinnati area. Palaeontographica Americana, v.6, pp.281-444.
- OTTO, ERNST, V. (1854) Additamente zur Flora des Quadergebirges in Sachsen. Heft, pp. 2-53.
- PANDEY, D.K. (1983) Biostratigraphical and palaeocological studies of the Bathonian-Callovian rocks of Khavda-Sadhara area, Pachchham “Island”, (Kachchh, Gujarat). Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 576p.
- PANDEY, D.K., SINGH, C.S.P. and AGRAWAL, S.K. (1984) A note on new fossil finds from Gora Dongar, Pachchham “Island”, District Kachchh (Gujarat). Jour. Scientific Res., Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi, v.34, pp.299-310.
- PANDEY, J. and DAVE, A. (1993) Studies in Mesozoic foraminifera and chronostratigraphy of Western Kutch Gujarat. Palaeontographica Indica, v.1, pp.1-219.
- PATEL, S.J. and DESAI, B.G. (2001) The republic day Kachchh Earthquake of 2001: Trauma in Oratosquilla strata. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.58, pp.215-216.
- PATEL S.J. and DESAI. B.G. (2009) Animal-Sediment Relationship of the Crustaceans and Polychaetes in the Intertidal Zone Around Mandvi, Gulf of Kachchh, Western India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.74, pp.233-259
- PATEL, S.J., BHATT, N.Y. and DESAI, B.G. (2008) Asteriacites quinquefolius – Asteroid Trace Maker from the Bhuj Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Mainland Kachchh, Western India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.71(1), pp.129-132.
- PATEL, S.J., DESAI, B.G. and SHUKLA, R. (2009) Paleoecological significance of the trace fossils of Dhosa Oolite Member (Jumara Formation), Jhura Dome, Mainland Kachchh, Western India. Jour Geol. Soc. India, v.74, pp.601-614.
- PEMBERTON, S.G. and FREY, R.W. (1982). Trace fossil nomenclature and the Planolites-Palaeophycus dilemma. Jour. Paleont., v.56, pp.843-881.
- PHILIPP, H. (1904). Palaontologisch-geologische Untersuchungen aus dem Gebiet von Presazzo:Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., Zeitschr, v.56, pp.1-98.
- PICKERILL, R.K., FILLION, D. and HARLAND, T.L. (1984) Middle Ordovician trace fossils in carbonates of the Trenton Group between Montreal and Quebec City, St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada. Jour. Paleont., v.58, pp.416-439.
- PRANTL, F. (1945). Two new problematic trails from the Ordovician of Bohemia. Bull. Int. Acad. Sci., v. 46(3), pp. 1–11.
- QUATREFAGES, M. A.DE. (1849) Note sur la Scolicia prisca (A. De Q.), annelid fossile de la craie. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zoologie, v. 12, pp. 265-266.
- QUENSTEDT, F.A. (1879) Petrifactenkunde Deutschlands. 1 Abt, v.6, Korallen. Die Rohren- and Stern-korallen, Leipzig, 109p.
- RAYMOND, P.E. (1931) Notes on invertebrate fossils, with descriptions of new species. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., v.55, pp.165-213.
- RICHTER, R. (1928) Psychische Reaktionen fossiler Tiere. Palaeobiologica, v.1, pp.226-244.
- RICHTER, R. (1850) Aus der thuringischen Grauwacke. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., Zeitschr., v.2, pp.198-206.
- RICHTER, R. (1853) Gaea von Salfeld. Programm der Realschule Saalfeld, Saalfeld, pp.2-32.
- RIETH, A. (1932) Neue Funde spongeliomorpher Fucoiden aus dem Jura Schwabens. Geologische und palaeontologische Abhandlungen, v.19(4), pp.257-294.
- RODRÍGUEZ-TOVAR, F.J. and UCHMAN, A. (2004) Trace fossils after the K-T boundary event from the Agost section SE Spain. Geological Magazine, v.141, pp.429–440.
- RODRIGUEZ-TOVAR, F. J. and PEREZ-VALERA, F. (2008) Trace fossil Rhizocorallium from the middle triassic of the betic cordillera, southern spain: characterization and environmental implications. Palaios, v.23, pp.78-86.
- ROUAULT , M. (1850) Note preliminaire sur une nouvelle jormation decouverte dans le terrain silurien injerieur de la Bretagne. Soc. Geol. France, Bull., se. 2, v. 7, pp. 724-744.
- SALTER, J.W. (1857) On annelide-burrows and surface markings from the Cambrian rocks of the Longmynd. Same. Quart. Jour., v.13, pp.199-206.
- SAPORTA, G. de. (1884) Les organisms problematiques des anciennes mers. pp.1-100.
- SCHÄFER, W. (1972) Ecology and Palaeoecology of Marine Environments. Univ. Chicago Press and Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 568p.
- SCHLIRF, M. (2000) Upper Jurassic Trace fossils from the Boulonnais (Northern France). Geol. Et. Paleont, v.34, pp.145-213.
- SCHLIRF, M. (2003) Palaeoecologic significance of Late Jurassic trace fossils from the Boulonnais, N France. Acta Geologica Polonica, v.53(2), pp.123-142.
- SCHMIDT, M. (1934) Cyclozoon philippi und verwandte Gebilde: Heidelberger Akad. Wiss.,MATH.-NAT.Kl., sitzungsber, 31p.
- SEILACHER, A. (1953a) Studien zur Palchnologie I. Uber die methoden der Palichnologie. N. Jahrb. Geol. Palaontol., Abh, v.96, pp.421-452.
- SEILACHER, A. (1955) Spuren und Fazies im Unterkambrium. In: O. H. Schindewolf and A. Seilacher, Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Kambriums in der Salt Range (Pakistan), Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz, math.-nat. Kl., Abhandl., no.10, pp.11-143.
- SEILACHER, A. (1956) Ichnocumulis n. g., eine weitere Ruhespur des schwabischen Jura: Same, Monatsh., pp.153-159.
- SEILACHER, A. (1957) An-aktualistisches Wattenmeer? Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, v.31, pp.198-206.
- SEILACHER, A. (1967) Bathymetry of trace fossils. Marine Geol., v.5, pp.413-428.
- SEILACHER, A. (1990) Aberration in bivalve evolution related photo- and chemosymbiosis. Historical Biology 3, Chur, pp.289-311.
- SEILACHER, A. (1992) An updated Cruziana stratigraphy of Gondwanian Palaeozoic sandstones. In: M.J. Salem (Ed.), The Geology of Libya, Part 8, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.1565-1580.
- SEILACHER, A. (2000) Ordovician and Silurian arthrophycid ichnostratigraphy. In: M.A. Sola and D. Worsley (Eds.), Geological exploration in Murzuk Basin. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.237-258.
- SEILACHER, A. (2007) Trace Fossil analysis. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 226 p.
- SEILACHER, A. (1964) Biogenic sedimentary structures. In: John Imbrie and Norman Newell (Eds.), Approaches to Paleocology. John Wiley & Sons. Inc., New York, pp. 296-316.
- SEILACHER, A. and MEISCHNER, D. (1965) Fazies-Analyse im Paläozoikum des Oslo-Gebeites. Geologische Rundschau, v.54(2), pp.596-619.
- SEILACHER, A. and SEILACHER, E. (1994) Bivalvian trace fossils: A lesson from actuopaleontology. Courier Forschungs Institut Senckenberg, v.169, pp.5-15.
- SHRINGARPURE, D. M. (1986) Trace Fossils at Omission surface from Mesozoic of Kutch, Gujarat, Western India. Bull. Geol. Min. Met. Soc. India., v.54, pp.131-148.
- STERNBERG, KASPAR, M.G.V. (1833) Versuch einer geognostischbotanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, Part 5&6, pp.1-80.
- TORELL, O.M. (1870) Petrificata Suecana Formationis Cambricae. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., v.6(8), pp.1-14.
- UCHMAN, A. (1995) Taxonomy and palaeocecology of flysch trace fossils: The Marnoso-arenacea Formation and associated facies (Miocene, Nortern Apennines, Italay). Beringeria, v.15, pp.1-115.
- UCHMAN, A. and GAIDZICKI, A. (2006) New trace fossils from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene) of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Poli. Pol. res., v. 27 (2), pp. 153-170
- UCHMAN, A. F. (1988) “Shallow-water” trace fossils in Paleogene flysch, Carpathian Mts. Poland. In: 9th IAS Meeting on Sedimentology, Leuven, Abstracts, v.88, pp.199.
- UCHMAN, A. F. (1989) “Shallow-water” trace fossils in Paleogene flysch, Carpathian Mountains, Poland. In: 28th International Geological Congress, July 9-19, 1989, Washington D.C. Abstracts, v.3, pp.265.
- UCHMAN, A. F. (1990). Trace Fossils in the Eocene of the Nowy Sacz facies zone in Zeleznikowa Wielka near Nowy Sazc (Magura nappe, Outer Carpathians). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, v.60, pp.107-124.
- UCHMAN, A.F. (1999). Ichnology of the Rhenodanubian Flysch (Lower Cretaceous-Eocene) in Austria and Germany. Beringeria, v.25, pp.67-173.
- VYALOV [VIALOV], O. (1968) O zviezdchatykb promlematikakh (On star-shaped promlematica): Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v.18, pp.326-340.
- WEIMAR, R.J. and HOYT, J. H. (1964) Burrows of Callianassa major Say, Geologic indicators of littoral and shallow neretic environments. Jour. Paleont., v.38. pp.761-767.
- WELLER, S. (1899) Kinderhook faunal studies. I. The fauna of the vermicular sandstone at Northview, Webster Country, Missouri. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, v.9, pp.9-51.
- WETZEL, A. (2008). Recent bioturbation in the deep South China Sea: an uniformitarian ichnological approach. Palaios, v.23, pp.601-615.
- WETZEL, A. and UCHMAN, A. (1998) Deep-sea benthic food content recorded by ichnofabrics: A conceptual model based on observations from Paleogene flysch, Carpathians, Poland. Palaios, v.13, pp.533-546.
- WORSLEY, D. and MORK, A. (2001) The environmental significance of the trace fossil Rhizocorallium jenense in the Lower Triassic of western Spitsbergen. Polar Research, v. 20(1), pp. 37–48.
- WURM, A. (1912) Untersuchungen uber den geologischen Bauund die trias von Aragonien: Deutsch. Geol. Geell., Zeitschr., v.63, pp.38-174.
- ZENKER, J. C. (1836).Historisch-topographisches Taschenbuch von Jena und seiner Umgebung besonders in naturwissen-schaftlicher und medicinischer Beziehung. J. C. Zenker (Ed.), 338p.