Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78)

B. B. S. Singhal ¹, R. P. Mathur ², D. C. Singhal ³, B. S. Mathur ³, V. K. Minocha ¹, A. K. Seth ¹, S. K. Sinha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Roorkee, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Roorkee, IN
3 Department of Hydrology, University of Roorkee, IN

Abstract

To assess quantitatively the effect of organic load from the Star Paper Mill on the quality of Hindon water, a dissolved oxygen sag model is developed by using Streeter-Phelps equation for a stretch of 7 km down-stream of the paper mill effluent and Hindon confluence. The critical DO deficit and critical time for minimum dissolved oxygen have been computed. The study reveals that severe anaerobic condition prevails in the river between a distance of 2.2 km to 3.6 km from the confluence of Paper Mill effluent with the Hindon river. The sag in dissolved oxygen curve is not fully apparent in the observed model; though the occurrence of reducing condition is correlated by field observations.

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D. V. Reddy ¹, P. Nagabhushanam ¹, M. R. Rao ², D. S. Mitra ³, B. M. Tripati ³, S. K. Sinha ³, B. Bhadu ³

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 606, IN
2 Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd., 9 Kaulagarh Road, Dehra Dune- 248 195, IN
3 Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd., 9 Kaulagarh Road, Dehra Dune - 248 195, IN

Abstract

The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), India, embarked upon exploration and exploitation of deep groundwater under the project named as "Saraswati" in arid Thar desert, Rajasthan, with a societal mission of providing water to the local people and cattle. A 555 m deep well drilled by the ONGC near Jaisalmer town in 2006 encountered a potential aquifer at a depth of 450-500 m. Radiocarbon dating of this well water indicated paleorecharge to be >40,000 yr BP (uncorrected) (Before Present with respect to 1950 AD), while the medium depth (∼200 m) well waters around that area showed an age range of ∼9,000 to 17,000 yr BP (uncorrected). These waters represent pre-Saraswati era recharge, because the mighty Saraswati flowed in this region between 7000-4000 yr BP. The stable isotope (δD and δ¹⁸O) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) data of these waters clearly indicated absence of communication between the two aquifers (deep and medium depth). However, the extension of this deep aquifer needs to be determined.

Keywords

Groundwater, Paleo-Recharge, Radiocarbon, Aquifer, Rajasthan.

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