Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78)

B. S. Sukhija ¹, M. N. Rao ¹, D. V. Reddy ¹, P. Nagabhushanam ¹, B. V. Lakshmi ¹, H. K. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-500 007, IN

Abstract

Paleoseismic investigations so far carried out in India are spread over two tectonically distinct areas, viz., the interplate seismic zone of Himalaya and the intraplate Stable Continental Region (SCR). Most of the reported paleoseismicity studies provided geological evidences like soft sediment deformation, paleoliquefaction features (like sand dykes, sand blows etc), small scale folding, faulting with disptacement of beds etc. Though the evaluation of recurrellce period of destructive seismic events is a pre-requisite for paleoseismology, no paleoseismic study in India so far has provided information on the recurrence period, except for the detailed study in the Shillong plateau, which suggested recurrence period of 400-600 yrs for major earthquakes.

Keywords

Paleoseismology, Earthquake Hazard, Recurrence Period, Himalaya, Stable Continental Region.

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B. S. Sukhija ¹, D. V. Reddy ¹, P. Nagabhushanam ¹, M. V. Nandakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Abstract

The hard rock aquifers of southern and western India, receive less than 10% precipitation as natural recharge, and are witnessing Over-Exploitation. Consequently measures are being adopted to augment groundwater resources artificially. Percolation ponds or tanks the most popular artificial recharge structures in India, are constructed across monsoon streams for the above purpose. However no detailed study was carried out to evaluate their performance in different hydrogeological environs. This paper reports the efficacy of percolation ponds, situated in different geological terrains evaluated using chloride mass balance method. Depending on the location of the percolation tanks, varied percolation fractions (of impounded water) were obtained, Basalts 0 20-0 30, Granite-Gneisses 0 30-0 45, and Sandstones 0 60, depending on the transimssion properties of rocks. In addition, soil characteristics and ambient hydrogeological regime of the area are important factors controlling the efficacy of a percolation tank.

Keywords

Artificial Recharge, Percolation, Environmental Chloride Tracer, Ponds, Peninsular India.

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Pradeep Raj ¹, B. S. Sukhija ², D. V. Reddy ², P. Nagabhushanam ², M. V. Nandakumar ²

Affiliations
1 Ground Water Department, 37 LIC Colony, Opp Indira Park, Lower Tank-Bund Road, Hyderabad - 500 080, IN
2 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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D. V. Reddy ¹, P. Nagabhushanam ¹, M. R. Rao ², D. S. Mitra ³, B. M. Tripati ³, S. K. Sinha ³, B. Bhadu ³

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 606, IN
2 Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd., 9 Kaulagarh Road, Dehra Dune- 248 195, IN
3 Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd., 9 Kaulagarh Road, Dehra Dune - 248 195, IN

Abstract

The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), India, embarked upon exploration and exploitation of deep groundwater under the project named as "Saraswati" in arid Thar desert, Rajasthan, with a societal mission of providing water to the local people and cattle. A 555 m deep well drilled by the ONGC near Jaisalmer town in 2006 encountered a potential aquifer at a depth of 450-500 m. Radiocarbon dating of this well water indicated paleorecharge to be >40,000 yr BP (uncorrected) (Before Present with respect to 1950 AD), while the medium depth (∼200 m) well waters around that area showed an age range of ∼9,000 to 17,000 yr BP (uncorrected). These waters represent pre-Saraswati era recharge, because the mighty Saraswati flowed in this region between 7000-4000 yr BP. The stable isotope (δD and δ¹⁸O) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) data of these waters clearly indicated absence of communication between the two aquifers (deep and medium depth). However, the extension of this deep aquifer needs to be determined.

Keywords

Groundwater, Paleo-Recharge, Radiocarbon, Aquifer, Rajasthan.

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