Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78)

S. C. Joshi ¹, J. S. Rawat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Naini Tal (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Geography, Almora Campus, Kumaun University, IN

Abstract

Composition of drainage net in the Almora crystalline is considerably controlled by tectonics. The open synformal structure of Almora Nappe 1, composed of highly puckered granetiferous mica schist with stretched quartz lenses of High Grade Metamorphic rocks are demarcated by relatively higher values of drainage density (1.81 km/km²), stream frequency (6.22 channels/km²) and ruggedness number (1.26); and lower values of the length of first (2.05 krn), second (.85 km) and third (0.51 km) order streams, basin area (2.24 km), basin perimeter (6.68) and basin length (1.63 km) than that of the Low Grade Metamorphic rocks of the Almora Nappe II, composed of quartzite. phyllite, orthogneiss, granite, schist and amphibolite.

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J. S. Rawat ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, Kumaun University, Campus Almora 263601 (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The curvilinear lake (viz., Naini Tal) encompassing an area of 1,758 m² exhibits such morphological features as transverse ridge dividing the lake into two parts: scarps, debris fans fringing the shores; lake plains and lake deep. The mean depth is 18.55 m, the maximum depth being 25.70 m. The maximum effective width and length are 466.6 m and 1466.6 m respectively. In 1895, the capacity of the lake was 31,699 m³. It bas become drastically reduced to 26,202 m³ by 1979, that is by 5,491 m³ in 84 years. This reduction in the capacity of the lake at the rate of 65.37m³/year is due to the increasing rate of siltation. On the basis of the rate deduced, it is inferred that the lake will be filled completely in about 380 years.

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J. S. Rawat ¹, S. P. Rai ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, Kumaun University, Almora - 263 601, IN
2 National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee - 247 667, IN

Abstract

In the Khulgad watershed in the Kosi Valley in the Kumaun Himalaya, the average rate of erosion is 0.07 mm/year or 186 t/km²/year. Tectonic and anthropogenic activities have together appreciably accelerated the rate of erosion. A study over the period of three years (1991-1993) demonstrated that the rate of erosion is 0.19 mm/year (500 tlkm2/year) in the tectonically disturbed land, 0.12 mm/year (315 t/km²/year) in the barren land, and 0.10 mm/year (278 t/km²/year) in the agricultural land, while in the forest lands it varies between 0.02 mm/year (41 t/km²/year) under an oak forest and 0.04 mm/year (100 t/km²/year) under a pine forest. Compared to the intensity of erosion in the least disturbed oak forest, the erosion rate is about 10 times higher in the tectonically disturbed land, and 5 to 8 times higher in the anthropogenically stressed agricultural and barren lands.

Keywords

Environmental Geology, Erosion, Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh.

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J. S. Rawat ¹

Affiliations
1 Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora - 263 601, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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