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Mukhopadhyay, Basab
- Soft-Sediment Deformation as Possible Clue for Sedimentation Rate: A Case Study from Oligocene Andaman Flysch Group, Andaman Islands, India
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1 Department of Applied Geology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad - 826 004, IN
2 Geodata Division, Central Headquarters, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata - 700 016, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad - 826 004, IN
2 Geodata Division, Central Headquarters, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata - 700 016, IN
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Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 61, No 4 (2003), Pagination: 411-418Abstract
Two sections of Oligocene Andaman Flysch fan that belong to two different facies associations viz inner fan and mid fan lobe are studied for their soft-sediment deformation (SSD) features Seismic origin is proposed for these features in view of their lateral persistency and stratigraphic selectivity Detailed field measurements of these turbidite sections at Corbyn's Cove, South Andaman (259 m thick) and Kahpur North Andaman (1397 m thick) recorded 28 and 18 nos of SSD layers respectively These layers were compared with historical earthquake records of last 86 years (I e 1914 to 2000) around the studied sections and quantitatively assessed for (l) long-term sedimentation rate and (n) estimation of environment-specific sedimentation rate, if any Active delta shedding from growing orogenic front of Himalayas is believed to be responsible for high sedimentation rate (217 m/lOOOyr at Cove and 58 m/lOOOyr at Kahpur) recorded from this fan system The observed difference in sedimentation rate between the two studied sections is interpreted to be paleogeography driven.Keywords
Soft-Sediment Deformation, Rate of Sedimentation, Palaeoseismology, Oligocene, Andaman Flysch Group, Andaman Islands.
- Relationship between Earthquake Swarm, Rifting History, Magmatism and Pore Pressure Diffusion - An Example from South Andaman Sea, India
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1 Geological Survey of India, Central Headquarters, 27 J. L. Nehru Road, Kolkata - 700016, IN
2 Department of Geology & Geophysics, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, SA
1 Geological Survey of India, Central Headquarters, 27 J. L. Nehru Road, Kolkata - 700016, IN
2 Department of Geology & Geophysics, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, SA
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 76, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 164-170Abstract
An extraordinarily strong and persistent earthquake swarm (Andaman swarm 2005) originated in the Andaman back-arc following the aftershock sequences of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake. The swarm (n = 651, mbmax= 5.9) came mainly in two phases: January 26-31 and Feb. - Aug. 2005, in an area of size 90 x 40 km2, at the centre of which lies a broad bathymetric depression and high gravity zone. The swarm demonstrates a complex faulting series, initially the strike-slip motion followed by normal faulting in repetitive sequences, whose representative fault planes orient at high angle to the regional faults. The swarm character as well as the distribution of stress-axes and their correlation to tectonic features lends speculation for formation of a nascent rift segment in NW-SE direction at the doorstep of the Sewell Seamount. The swarm has given rise to 21 episodes of rifting activities of variable time extent within 26 -31 January 2005. The r-t plots corresponding to the swarm data, modelled with variable hydraulic diffusivity (D) values 4, 6, 8 and 10 m2/s, suggest for excess pressure front from ascending magmatic fluid. This eventually heralded the rifting; causing pore pressure perturbations that propagated in accordance with known diffusion parabolic equations.Keywords
Andaman Swarm 2005, Focal Mechanisms, Pore Pressure, R-T Plot, Nascent Rift.- Seismic Clusters and their Characteristics at the Arabian Sea Triple Junction: Supportive Evidences for Plate Margin Deformations
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Central Headquarters, 27, J.L. Nehru Road, Kolkata - 700 016, IN
2 Department of Geology and Geophysics, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, SA
3 Geological Survey of India, Central Headquarters, Kolkata, IN
1 Geological Survey of India, Central Headquarters, 27, J.L. Nehru Road, Kolkata - 700 016, IN
2 Department of Geology and Geophysics, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, SA
3 Geological Survey of India, Central Headquarters, Kolkata, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 78, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 131-146Abstract
The plate margin features defining the Arabian Sea Triple Junction (ASTJ) are: the Aden Ridge (AR), Sheba Ridge (SR) with their intervening Alula-Fartak Transform (AFT), Carlsberg Ridge (CR) and Owen Fracture Zone (OFZ). Exact nature of ASTJ is presently debated: whether it is RRF (ridge-ridge-fault) or RRR (ridge-ridge-ridge) type. A revised seismicity map for ASTJ is given here using data for a period little more than a century. "Point density spatial statistical criterion" is applied to short-listed 742 earthquakes (mb≥4.3), 10 numbers of spatio-temporal seismic clusters are identified for ASTJ and its arms. Relocated hypocentres help better constraining the cluster identification wherever such data exist. Seismic clusters actually diagnose the most intense zones of strain accumulation due to far field as well as the local stress operating at ASTJ. An earthquake swarm emanating from a prominent seismic cluster below SR provides an opportunity to investigate the pore pressure diffusion process (due to the active source) by means of "r-t plot". Stress and faulting pattern in the active zones are deduced from 43 CMT solutions. While normal or lateral faulting is characteristic for these arms, an anomalous thrust earthquake occurs in the triangular 'Wheatley Deep' deformation zone proximal to ASTJ. The latter appears to have formed due to a shift of the deformational front from OFZ towards a transform that offsets SR. Though ASTJ is still in the process of evolution, available data favour that this RRF triple junction may eventually be converted to a more stable RRR type.Keywords
Revised Seismicity Map, Foreshock-Mainshock-Aftershock Sequence, Aspect Ratio and B-Values, Seismic Clusters, CMT Solutions, R-T Plot, RRR Plate Margin Kinematics.References
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- Earthquake Forerunner as Probable Precursor - An Example from North Burma Subduction Zone
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Authors
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1 Ex Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Central Headquarters, 27 J.L. Nehru Road, Kolkata-700016, IN
3 Department of Geology & Geophysics, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, SA
1 Ex Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Central Headquarters, 27 J.L. Nehru Road, Kolkata-700016, IN
3 Department of Geology & Geophysics, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, SA
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 80, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 393-402Abstract
The Burmese Arc seismic activity is not uniform for its ~ 1100 km length; only the Northern Burmese Arc (NBA) is intensely active. Six large earthquakes in the magnitude range 6.1 - 7.4 have originated from the NBA Benioff zone between 1954 -2011, within an area of 200 × 300 km2 where the Indian plate subducts eastward to depths beyond 200 km below the Burma plate. An analysis on seismogenesis of this interplate region suggests that while the subducting lithosphere is characterized by profuse seismicity, seismicity in the overriding plate is rather few. Large earthquakes occurring in the overriding plate are associated with the backarc Shan-Sagaing Fault (SSF) further east. The forecasting performance of the Benioff zone earthquakes in NBA as forerunner is analysed here by: (i) spatial earthquake clustering, (ii) seismic cycles and their temporal quiescence and (iii) the characteristic temporal b-value changes. Three such clusters (C1- C3) are identified from NBA Benioff Zones I&II that are capable of generating earthquakes in the magnitude ranges of 7.38 to 7.93. Seismic cycles evidenced for the Zone I displayed distinct quiescence (Q1, Q2 and Q3) prior to the 6th August 1988 (M 6.6) earthquake. Similar cycles were used to forecast an earthquake (Dasgupta et al. 2010) to come from the Zone I (cluster C1); which, actually struck on 4 February 2011 (M 6.3). The preparatory activity for an event has already been set in the Zone II and we speculate its occurrence as a large event (M > 6.0) possibly within the year 2012, somewhere close to cluster C3. Temporal analysis of b-value indicates a rise before an ensuing large earthquake.Keywords
Northern Burmese Arc (NBA), Precursor, Seismic Clusters, Seismic Cycles, Temporal Quiescence, Temporal B-Value.References
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