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Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78)

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Sabale, A. B.

Crocodilian Remains from the Miocene of Kachchh, India

Flow-Types and Lava Emplacement History of Rajahmundry Traps, West of River Godavari, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract Views :211 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Bibhas Sen ¹, A. B. Sabale ²

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Alandi Road, Pune - 411 006, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Arera Colony, Ravi Shankar Nagar, Bhopal - 462 016, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 78, No 5 (2011), Pagination: 457-467

Abstract

Rajahmundry Traps has been under geo-scientific investigations for over half a century; yet sketchy information is available on morphology and internal architecture of lavas. This study bridges this gap by describing the morphology of lava pile of Duddukuru area following Hawaiian scheme that relates a lava-type with a particular emplacement style.

The lowest flow (Flow 1) at Duddukuru, overlying an infra-trappean bed is a thick pahoehoe sheet lobe with intermittent basal hummocky, P-type pahoehoe lobes representing slow, sub-aerial emplacement of lava parcels. Some of them also have cherty intercalations and morphology suggestive of possible interaction of lava with water or water-laden sediments. Hummocky lobes were over-ridden by subaerial emplacement of voluminous sheet lava, which developed multi-tier columnar joints probably due to inundation of lava-surface by water. Inter-trappean sediments were deposited above Flow 1 in the ensuing period of volcanic quiescence. The eruptive history of Duddukuru ended with sub-aerial outpouring of two consecutive a'a flows (Flows 2 and 3) separated by a thin red bole horizon.

As pahoehoe lavas are known to travel long distances due to emplacement through thermally efficient mechanism of endogenous inflation and insulated melt transport whereas a'a lavas, in contrast, are cooling-limited flows which rarely attain lengths covered by pahoehoe lavas; it is probable that the pahoehoe and a'a flows of Duddukuru have not traveled comparable distances. A'a flows of Rajahmundry Traps traveling from far-off vents are, therefore, more unlikely despite temporal and chemical similarity of this lava-pile with upper parts of Western Deccan Basalt Group.

Keywords

Rajahmundry Traps, Flow-Types, Pahoehoe, a'a, Lava Emplacement, Andhra Pradesh.

Full Text

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Lava Channel of Khedrai Dam, Northeast of Nasik in Western Deccan Volcanic Province: Detailed Morphology and Evidences of Channel Reactivation

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Authors

Bibhas Sen ¹, A. B. Sabale ², P. V. Sukumaran ³

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Pune - 4110 06, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Bhopal-462016, IN
3 Geological Survey of India, Mangalore - 575 001, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 80, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 314-328

Abstract

The 120 m-wide Khedrai Dam lava channel is one of the widest recorded in the Deccan Volcanic Province. Like many recent ones, this channel also has a pair of linear marginal levees made of breccia and confines the channelfill lava. It is resting over a pahoehoe flow (substrate) of basalt studded with plagioclase megacrysts, also known as the Giant Plagioclase Basalt (GPB). The channel-fill lava, which makes the lining at the edges and basal portion of the channel, is a comb-layered basalt (Cl-B) characterized by alternating layers rich in curved, branching augite crystals and laths of plagioclase - a texture indicative of high order of supercooling and rapid cooling rates. The dominant and centrally filling lava of this channel is a plagioclase-phyric basalt (Pp-B) that has a wide variation in phenocryst number from megacryst-poor to megacryst-rich. Occurrence of centimetre to decimetre size angular fragments of Cl-B within Pp-B fill indicates mechanical dislodgements of channel-lining by flowing lava. This also suggests that the channel was reactivated before it finally lost its hydraulic gradient and solidified.

Keywords

Deccan Volcanic Province, Lava Channel, Comb Layered Basalt, Channel Reactivation.

Full Text

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