The Jutogh Klippe of the Simla Area of the Himachal Himalaya: Its Geology and Structural Evolution

The Jutogh klippe near simla is the highest allochthon in the Himachal Himalaya. Its base is defined by the Jutogh Thrust. Five mappable lithostratigraphic formations are recognised. These are variously represented, in the ascending order, by carbonaceous phyllite and schist of Panjerli Formation; quartzite unit of Manal Formation; phyllite, schist and quartzite of Bhotli Formation; quartzite unit of Khirki Formation and carbonaceous schist, crystalline limestone of Taradevi Formation.

S₀ and S₁ are the prominent planar surfaces with local development of S₂ and S₃. F₁, F₂ and F₃ are the three generations of folds. F₁ is in minor scale as appressed and reclined folds related to tectonic transport and F₂ and F₃ having formed after the emplacement of the thrust sheet. F₂ is the most pervasive structure along NW-SE, folding the klippe into an open synform. F₃ is a larger cross-fold along WSW-ENE and is responsible for culminations and depressions of F₂ folds.

The direction of tectonic transport is from ENE to WSW and F₂ folds indicate a compression along the same direction.