Global Hydrogeological Cyclicity

An in-depth analysis of the origin of the lithosphere and hydrosphere from a global perspective indicates a close relationship between the geotectonic rhythms and hydrogeological cycles corresponding to the Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine Orogenies. The processes of evolution of the hydrogeological cycle are the result of the unique properties of water. The beginnings of water circulation in the earth's history are elucidated using the fundamental concepts of geological and hydrogeological processes. Some of the practical conclusions that emerge from such a study are: (i) After the hydrosphere had appeared on the earth's surface, two unique stages are conspicuous: first an increase in the volume of oceans and later an increase in river waters as a result of addition from groundwater discharge. (ii) The hydrological cycle may be viewed as an independent natural mechanism in the upper shells of the earth.