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Pal, Sarmila
- Water Hyacinth, A Remedial Measure to Combat Threats of Sewage Fed Ponds and Aquaculture
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1 Dept. of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
2 P. G. Dept of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
1 Dept. of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
2 P. G. Dept of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 38-39Abstract
The fundamental media of life - land, air and water are being threatened by pollution. Pollutants affect physical, chemical and biological factors of water causing water pollution. Sewage, composed of toxic substances, heavy metals and pathogenic organisms composed of toxic substances, heavy metals and pathogenic organisms contains about 99% of water and 1% of solids. Toxic heavy metals like zinc, copper, chromium, present in the domestic sewage are mostly absorbed and get accumulated in water hyacinth as free metals which may adversely affect the life as well as food chain. There is shortage of water throughout the world. Therefore, there is a need for recycling of waste water for aquaculture. In addition, the water hyacinth can be used as an energy source for biofuel production. Fishes are important aquatic animals and are particularly sensitive to toxicants. Hence the present study is focused on phytoremediation of sewage waste water and reuse it for aquaculture (Channa sp). The amount of heavy metals was estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) study in sewage fed ponds as well as within water hyacinth, grown on those sewage fed ponds with respect to control ones to prove the hyper accumulation activity of water hyacinth. Fishes belonging to Channa sp were also cultured in waste water to elucidate the changes in different target organs like blood, liver, kidney and muscles through biochemical studies at different intervals. The experimental results confirmed that the water hyacinth played a great role for purification of sewage fed ponds and make it favorable for aquaculture.
- Molecular Markers in Plant-Based Bioassays for the Detection of Molecular Endpoints to Probe of Aquatic Genotoxicity-An Overview
Abstract Views :348 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Dept of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, IN
2 Dept of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, IN
1 Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Dept of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, IN
2 Dept of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 143-162Abstract
Many contaminants entering the aquatic environment have been lipophilic by nature and can be readily taken up by aquatic organisms or absorbed by particulate matter. Examples of such compounds include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and phthalates. Therefore, the impact of these aquatic contaminants on ecosystems largely depends upon factors including uptake and biotransformation by different species, and effects can be easily seen at the cellular level through the individual, population and ultimately the ecosystem as a whole. Research in this particular area has gained much attention and momentum in the recent past, with particular interests thrust upon the presence of different genotoxic agents surrounding in the environment. Results from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPAs) Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) found out that several known and many dubious mutagenic and genotoxic chemicals could be readily accounted in contaminated surface waters, of which one third of these toxicants from effluent discharges are practically rodent carcinogens. Moreover, 800 metric tonnes of chemicals released into surface waters every year have been detected to be class 1, 2A or 2B carcinogens as classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is therefore clear that the assessment of complex mixtures for their genotoxic potential fits in the list of an extremely important consideration for environmental pollution monitoring and management, especially while considering the implications of these compounds in initiation, propagation and development of carcinogenesis, inherited disease and teratogenesis. Concomitantly, it is important to develop reliable and effective methods for detecting endpoints indicative of exposure to genotoxicants in particular using test methods that would be simple, rapid and cost effective.
Antioxidant enzymes, i.e., ROS scavengers, chromosomal abnormalities resultant of altered mitotic index and micronuclei formation, the alkaline COMET Assay, RAPD, AFLP coupled with RT-PCR can be employed as effective biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular markers in plants (as model systems for aquatic toxicology) which serve as best tools to detect the mode of action and levels of genotoxic endpoints upon exposure to different genotoxins in aquatic environments.
Keywords
Genotoxication, Heavy Metals, Comet, RAPD, AFLP, RT-PCR.References
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