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Banerjee, Monimala
- Laws Relating to Heritage Conservation in India
Authors
1 Department of Law, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 11, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 123-135Abstract
An introductory approach to heritage conservation has been given. In this regard we have to understand what is meant by the term "heritage" and the various kinds of heritage. In the present paper definitions and meanings of "Natural Heritage" and "Cultural Heritage" have been discussed.
Various kinds of laws are present for the purpose of heritage management- both international and national. International law includes the Rio declaration, Stockholm declaration, Constitution of UNESCO and other conventions. National law includes the Constitution of India, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the Indian Forest Act, 1927, the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 (AATA), the Ancient Monuments and Archeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 (AMASRA), etc. Major cases in India relating to heritage conservation with special reference to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy case and the Taj Trapezium case have been discussed. From above discussions, it is concluded that along with strict implementation of the prevailing laws, there must be people's awareness for heritage conservation.
Keywords
Heritage, Natural Heritage, Cultural Heritage, Stockholm Declaration, Rio Declaration, UNESCO, Conventions, Constitution of India, AATA, AMASRA, AMPA, PIL.
- Care for Aquaresources and Marine Life
Authors
1 Department of Law, University of Calcutta, Hazra Campus, Kolkata, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 27-27Abstract
An introduction about what is meant by aquatic resources is given along with the problems faced by them which mainly includes pollution, degradation, encroachment and other man-made threats.
Activities of human beings have led to certain extreme damage to the aquatic resources including extinction of marine animals thus disturbing the natural biodiversity. As it has been an alarming issue, many laws have come up in order to regulate such human activities.
The Global Water Resource Policies formulated from time to time by the UN, the World Water Council and International Water Resources Association guides us for the proper use of water resources. The United Nations' Environment Programme, the United Nations' Convention on the Law of the Sea along with the International Maritime Organization looks after the protection of the marine resources. The Water laws however controls the proper use of both surface and groundwater but not seas and oceans.
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 has been a major enactment by the Indian legislation towards protection of aquatic resources.
There have been some remarkable steps towards conservation and protection of marine animals by legislative enactments, by forming ocean sanctuaries and marine reserves.