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Mukherjee, Archana
- Sweet Potato and Taro Resilient to Submergence and Stresses:Sustainable Livelihood in Fragile Zones Vulnerable to Climate Changes
Authors
1 Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, ICAR, Bhubaneswar - 751019, Odisha, IN
2 CRRI, Cuttack, Odisha, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 36-37Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) and Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] are the important submergence and stress tolerant tuber crops used as staple or subsistence food by millions of people in developing nations. Both tubers and leaves of these crops are an alternative source of dietary energy. The visibility of these crops as life support crops species have been enhanced during post super cyclone in Odisha and Tsunami in coastal states of India. Genetic diversity of these crops and, their wide distribution and potential to adapt in harsh environmental condition advocate for their further exploitation to develop stress tolerant crops with valued traits. Gene flow through conventional breeding is hindered owing to flowering behaviours, cytogenetical anomalies in taro and hexaploidy coupled with self incompatibility in sweet potato.
To make these crops more resilient, an extensive study was taken up integrating conventional and non conventional methods to tap the vast potential of genetic diversity in isolating the stress tolerant sweet potato and taro genotypes. The varietal gene bank of sweet potato maintained at Regional Centre farm were also tested under in situ to study tolerance to environmental stresses.
In vitro and in vivo screening and evaluation of 171 sweet potato genotypes and their successive evaluation under in situ salt stress (6.0-8.0 dSm-1) in coastal Odisha and West Bengal resulted in identification of eleven salt tolerant genotypes packed with high yield (>15 t ha-1), starch (16-20%), beta carotene (5-14 mg/100g) and anthocyanin (85mg/100g). Induced flooding resulted in identifying submergence tolerant 3 sweet potato genotypes. Further, the survival of some of the varieties of sweet potato over dry period reflects their tolerance to drought stress and can be adapted for cultivation in high lands, where such conditions prevail. Similarly screening of 174 taro genotypes through in vitro-in vivo screening, evaluation under integrated stress and validation of results under in situ stress resulted in identifying five stress tolerant taros including two submergence tolerants. Results on isozymes, DNA polymorphisms and cluster analysis are encouraging for gene pool enrichment for stress tolerant superior types to cope with harsh climate and their impact on livelihood security.
- Sweet Potato and Taro Resilient to Stresses:Sustainable Livelihood in Fragile Zones Vulnerable to Climate Changes
Authors
1 Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Bhubaneswar-751019, Odisha, IN
2 CRRI, Cuttack, Odisha, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 53-64Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) and taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] are the important tuber crops used as staple or subsistence food by millions of people in developing nations. Both tubers and leaves of these crops are an alternative source of dietary energy. Visibility of these crops as life support crops species has been enhanced during post super cyclone in Odisha and Tsunami in coastal states of India. Genetic diversity of these crops, and their wide distribution and potential to adapt in harsh environmental condition advocate for their further exploitation to develop stress tolerant crops with valued traits. Gene flow through conventional breeding is hindered owing to flowering behaviours, cytogenetical anomalies in taro and hexaploidy coupled with self incompatibility in sweet potato.
To make these crops more resilient, an extensive study was taken up integrating conventional and non conventional methods to tap the vast potential of genetic diversity in isolating the stress tolerant sweet potato and taro genotypes. The varietal gene bank of sweet potato maintained at the Regional Centre farm of the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) were also tested under in situ to study tolerance to environmental stresses. Under such conditions, percentage of leaf damage and vine weight were recorded to identify the varieties to cope with unfavorable agro-climatic conditions. Results to isolate and develop stress tolerant sweet potato and taro and, their impact on livelihood security under climatic adversities are discussed.
Keywords
Sweet Potato, Taro, Stress, Tolerance, Food Security.References
- ICAR. 2006. Handbook of Agriculture, (ICAR, New Delhi).
- Lebot, V. and Aradhya, K. M. 1992. Collecting and evaluating taro (Colocasia esculenta) for isozyme variation. Plant Genetic Resources News letter, 90: 47-49.
- Mukherjee, A. 2002. Effect of NaCl on in vitro propagation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 102: 431-441.
- Mukherjee, A., Naskar, S. K., Debata, B. K., Lakhanpaul, S. and Bhatt, K. V. 2003. Cytogenetics of callus cultures and in vitro regenerated plants of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L). Plant Science Research, 25(1&2): 13-20.
- Mukherjee, A., Debata, B. K., Naskar, S. K., Sahu, S. and Sahoo, M. R. 2004. Biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) : A review. Plant Science Research, 26(1 & 2): 1-9.
- Mukherjee, A. 2004. Integrated approach for genetic improvement of taro [Colocasia esculenta (l.) Schott] to develop tolerant lines to biotic and abiotic stresses. In: Final Report (August, 2002 - December, 2004), Code No. F .No.28(1)/2002NATP/CGP-III/305, 44pp.
- Mukherjee, A. 2005. Integrated approach for selection, induction and characterization for development of salt tolerant sweet potato. In: Final Report (May 2002-April 2005), Code No. 303073652 [F. No. 8 (46)/2002-Hort.II dated 10th January, 2002, ICAR Cess Fund Scheme], 43pp.
- Mukherjee, A., Naskar, S. K. and Edison, S. 2009a. Salt tolerant biofortified orange and purple flesh sweet potato: coastal food and nutrition security, CTCRI, Trivandrum. Tech. Bull., 51, 36pp.
- Mukherjee, A., Naskar, S. K., Poddar, A., Dasgupta, M., Sahoo, M. R., and Chand, P. K., 2009 b. Submergence and salinity tolerance in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) : progress and prospects. Plant Sci. Res., 31(1 & 2): 1-9.
- Mukherjee, A. 2010. Sweet potato varietal importance and its potential contribution to enhancing rural livelihoods in Orissa. In: Attaluri, S., Janardhan, K. V., Light, A. (eds.). Proc. Workshop and Training on Sustainable Sweet potato Production and Utilization in Odisha, India. (pp 19-29). International Potato Centre (CIP), SWCA, CIP Liaison Office, RC CTCRI, Bhubaneswar, India.
- Mukherjee, A., Naskar, S. K. and Misra., R. S. 2011. Biotic and abiotic stress tolerant sweet potato and taro vs. 'The Paradox' of food insecurity under changing environment. In Proceedings of National Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security: Challenges and oppurtunities for tuber crops. (Eds: Sajeev, M. S., Anantharaman, M., Padmaja, G., Unnikrishnan, M., Ravi, V., Suja, G. and Hedge, V.), pp-94-99.
- Mukherjee, A. and Naskar, S. K. 2012. Performance of orange and purple flesh sweet potato genotypes in coastal belts of Odisha. Journal of Root Crops, 38: 71-76.
- Mukherjee, A., Naskar, S. K., Pati, K., Misra, R. S., Sahoo, B. K., Chakraborti, S. K., George, J., Vimala, B., Unnikrishnan, M. and Sreekumari, M. T. 2013. Valued traits in genetic resources of tuber crops: Ascent to food and nutrition security under changing climate. Paper presented in International Conference, ICTRT, 2013, 9-12 July, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, p.19.
- Russel, N., 2007. The agricultural impact of global climate change: How can developing country farmers cope? Geotimes (Earth), 52(4): 30-34.
- Global Vision of 'Zero Hunger Challenge' with Homage to 'APJ Kalam' and Tribute to Prof. M. S. Swaminathan
Authors
1 ICAR-Central Tuber Crop Research Institute, Regional Centre, Bhubaneswar-751019, Odisha, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 249-252Abstract
'Zero hunger challenge' can no longer be a dream; rather we all can make it into reality. To reach it, we have to think with global hearts tuned with brain. In India, we are proud to have many such great global visioners starting from Swami Vivekananda to Prof. M. S. Swaminathan. Each human being of this globe has to think it seriously for the benefit of the 'living world'. Each one of us has to contribute towards such greater cause, i.e. , 'Zero hunger challenge'. It may be a drop but we all know when such drops coalesce then they change into a vast sea. Let us think into simple way a drop is 'symbolically a zero'. Our drive or vision is 'zero hunger challenge'. Hence we have to coalesce or converge our drop by drop efforts into totality of 'vast zero' to bring sea change, i.e. , a big ' zero ' in hunger issue of the globe.References
- • icar.org.in
- • www.mssrf.org
- • lansasouthasia.org
- • www.ediblearoids.org