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Rastogi, Shraddha
- Effect of Gonadotropins and Gonadal Steroids (17β-Estradiol and Testosterone) on Harderian Gland Porphyrin Content and Circulatory Hormones in Indian Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennanti
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Udai Pratap Autonomous Degree College, Bhojubir, Varanasi-221002, IN
2 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, IN
1 Department of Zoology, Udai Pratap Autonomous Degree College, Bhojubir, Varanasi-221002, IN
2 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, IN
Source
Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 18, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
Mostly studied in the hamster, the Harderian gland (HG, an extra-orbital gland) has been shown to be capable of melatonin (MEL) synthesis and to possess steroid receptor binding sites. Sexual dimorphism and ability to respond to steroid hormones have been reported for HG of some temperate zone mammals. However, to date there is no report on functional relation of HG with pineal, pituitary and gonad in any rodent. Hence, we tested the effect of gonadotropins [FSH (10μg) + LH (10μg)] and steroids [testosterone (100μg) and 17-β estradiol (50μg)] on HG function in relation to the activities of the pineal gland and gonad in both sexes of Indian palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti during the sexually quiescent phase. In general, squirrels treated with gonadotropins and gonadal steroids showed a significant increase in gonadal weight and decrease in pineal weight and plasma melatonin level in LH- and testosterone-treated groups only. There was no change in the weight of HG on FSH treatment. Porphyrin content of HG decreased after testosterone and estradiol treatment. Pineal gland weight invariably decreased after treatment with gonadotropins and testosterone. Plasma testosterone and estradiol levels increased but melatonin level decreased in all treated groups. Our data suggest that in this tropical rodent gonadotropins have an indirect effect on HG and that gonadal steroids have significant effect on HG through the influence on gonadal and pineal functions.Keywords
Gonadotropins, Harderian Gland, Melatonin, Pineal, Rodent.
- Pineal-Thymus Interrelation in Maintenance of T-Cell Dependent Immune Responses in a Tropical Seasonal Breeder Funambulus pennanti
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 20, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 28-37Abstract
Crosstalk between the neuro-endocrine axis and immune cells is documented in many laboratory and clinical studies. The pineal gland and its hormone melatonin play a central role in this network by positively regulating immune cell proliferation and differentiation via influencing the synthesis of immunomodulatory molecules. However, the pineal-thymus interaction in modulating their bi-directional communication remains elusive. In the present study we investigated the effect of pineal-thymus interaction on the structure and functional status of lymphoid tissues (i.e., spleen and lymph nodes) in a tropical seasonal breeder, F. pennanti. We observed that pinealectomy severely compromised the immune status of the squirrels. Besides pinealectomy, simultaneous ablation of pineal and thymus gland, further resulted in atrophy of the lymphoid tissues along with reduced total leucocyte and lymphocyte count. Exogenous melatonin administration improved the total leucocyte and lymphocyte count and restored T cell dependent immune responses and lymphoid tissue architecture in pinealectomized (Px) group. Our observations suggest that suppression of endogenous melatonin in Px group decreased the efficiency of the immune system probably by modulating the production of thymic factors, which becomes even severe with simultaneous ablation of the thymus and pineal gland, resulting in declined immune responsiveness. Thus, it can be inferred that the pineal melatonin and its interaction with thymus plays an important role in regulation of immune status of the squirrels.Keywords
F. pennanti, Immunity, Lymphoid Tissues, Pinealectomy, Thymectomy.References
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