Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction

V. M. Deshmukh ¹, M. V. Walvekar ¹, S. S. Desai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, IN

Abstract

During oxidative stress, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generally produce structural and biochemical alterations in cells and cell organelles. Impairment of lysosomal and mitochondrial function is the key for understanding the degenerative changes due to aging. Nonspecific esterase enzyme is particularly present in lysosomes and microsomes. In order to find the antioxidant property of fenugreek, non-specific esterase activity was measured to study the lysosomal membrane integrity in submandibular and sublingual salivary glands of D-galactose-induced aging male mice without and with supplementation of fenugreek. Adult male albino mice (Mus musculus) were divided in to six groups of five each and treated as follows: a) control for D-galactose (Dg) treatment; b) Dgtreated; c) Dg⁺ fenugreek seed extract (FSE) treated concurrently; d) treated with Dg first, followed by treatment of FSE; e) Dg ⁺ FSE-loaded PLGA nanoparticle treated concurrently; and f) treated with Dg first followed by treatment of FSE-loaded PLGA nanoparticle. A significant decrease in non-specific esterase activity was observed in D-galactose treated mice, whereas FSE and FSE-PGLA groups of mice indicated protection against Dg-induced aging related oxidative stress in salivary glands. Thus, it is shown that fenugreek seed possesses antioxidant property, whereby non-specific esterase activity in salivary glands is increased but in a manner dependent on the treatment pattern, and the best result is obtained when FSE is administered post-treatment as loaded in PGLA nanoparticles.

Keywords

Aging, Fenugreek Seed Extract, Fenugreek-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles, Non-Specific Esterase Activity, ROS, Salivary Gland.

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S. P. Khairmode ¹, S. S. Desai ¹, M. V. Walvekar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur – 416004, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The extraordinary sequential process of T cell development and maturation is hallmark of well-functioning of thymus gland. An earlier study clarifies the relationship between salivary glands and other organs including thymus. In order to define the precise role of salivary gland secreted growth factors on the development, differentiation and maturation of thymocytes, especially CD4 and CD8, we sialoadenectomized (removal of submandibular gland) and salivariadenectomized (removal of submandibular and sublingual glands) the male albino mice. The mice were operated at the age of 20 days and maintained under normal conditions in the animal house along with control, up to the age of ten weeks. Subsequently, blood samples were collected and peripheral T cell subsets was analysed using FACSCalibur flow cytometer with BD Tritest CD4FITC/ CD8PE/CD3 PerCP reagent. It was observed that in the absence of salivary gland-secreted growth factors, especially EGF, the mature naïve T cells output gets disturbed, and there was significant reduction in CD4 absolute and % count and CD4:CD8 ratio, signifying the importance of salivary gland-secreted growth factors in maturation of immune cells in the thymus. It is suggested that the importance of interplay of hormones and neuropeptides on one hand and salivary secretory regulatory peptides on the other, on the T cell differentiation and maturation in the thymus is investigated.

Keywords

CD4 and CD8 Thymocytes, Flow Cytometry, Salivariadenectomy, Sialoadenectomy

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