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Gayathry, R.

Nitric Oxide Drives Mitochondrial Energetics in Heart and Liver Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Stressed Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch)

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Authors

R. Gayathry ¹, Valsa S. Peter ², M. C. Subhash Peter ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram – 695581, Kerala, IN
2 Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology iCEIB, School of Life Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram – 695581, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 22, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 30-43

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous free radical that functions as signal molecule, regulates several physiological functions. But in teleost fishes, the influence of NO on mitochondrial energetics is not yet understood. With a view to understanding the short-term in vivo action of NO on mitochondrial energetics in fish, we examined the effects of sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor (SNP) and N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME), on major electron carriers and oxidative status in heart and liver mitochondria of an obligate air-breathing fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch) kept at either non-stressed or hypoxia-stressed condition. The total nitrate/nitrite (NO₃^-/NO₂^-) level that corresponds to NO content showed a rise after SNP (5 μg g^-1) and a decline in the heart and liver of non-stressed fish after L-NAME (100 ng g^-1) treatments for 30 min. Water immersion for 30 min that induced hypoxia lowered NO₃^-/NO₂^- level in heart and liver, but showed a rise in NO₃^-/NO₂^- level after SNP treatment of immersion-stressed fish. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production increased after SNP treatment but decreased after L-NAME treatment in heart of hypoxia-stressed fish where as in liver both SNP and L-NAME treatments caused decrease of ROS in stressed fish. SNP treatment increased and L-NAME treatment lowered peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) level in heart and liver of non-stressed fish. SNP treatment lowered the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) but L-NAME treatment increased its activity in mitochondria of heart of hypoxia-stressed fish. In liver mitochondria, however, COX activity showed a rise after these treatments. On the contrary, SNP and L-NAME treatments in stressed fish elevated succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in both heart and liver mitochondria. In heart, LDH activity increased after SNP and L-NAME treatments in both non-stressed and stressed conditions, but not in liver of stressed fish. Put together, the data provide evidence that NO exerts an integrative action on mitochondrial energetics in heart and liver mitochondria of air-breathing fish during their exposure to hypoxia-stress.

Keywords

Anabas testudineus, Cytochrome oxidase, Fish Stress, Hypoxia ROS, Mitochondria Energetics, Nitric Oxide.

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In Vivo Action of Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) on Mitochondrial Ion Transporter Function in Brain Segments of Immersion-Stressed Air-Breathing Fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch)

Abstract Views :248 | PDF Views:0

Authors

R. Gayathry ¹, Valsa S. Peter ², M. C. Subhash Peter ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram - 695581, Kerala, IN
2 Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram - 695581, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 23, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 99-107

Abstract

The neuronal circuitries of brain and the corresponding ion transporters contribute to the maintenance of ion homeostasis in fish brain. The sensitivity of these neuronal clusters in response to environmental clues brings neural plasticity and subsequent regulation of stress acclimation. Nitric oxide (NO), a gasotransmitter, is involved in ion transport in many peripheral tissues of fishes including air-breathing fish. However, the role of NO in mitochondrial ion transporter activity has not yet been investigated in fish brain. We, therefore, investigated the short-term in vivo action of a NO donor, Sodium Nitro-Prusside (SNP), on mitochondrial ion transporters such as H⁺- Ca²⁺- and Mg²⁺-dependent ATPases in brain segments such as Prosen-Cephalon (PC), Mesen-Cephalon (MC) and Meten-Cephalon (MeC) of immersion-stressed Anabas testudineus. Intraperitoneal injection of SNP for 30 min lowered the activities of bafilomycin-sensitive H⁺ATPase and vanadate sensitive Ca²⁺ATPase in PC, whereas in MeC, these transporters showed significant rise in activities after SNP treatment. The oligomycin-sensitive Mg²⁺ATPase activity showed a significant decrease in PC and MC of brain after SNP treatment in non-stressed fish. Induction of stress by water immersion altered the activities of these ion transporter activities. However, the treatment of SNP in immersed fish showed recovery of the immersion-induced modulation in the activities of these mitochondrial ion transporters. Our data, thus, provide evidence for a decisive role of NO in the recovery process of mitochondrial ion transporters function during immersion stress, confirming a direct differential role of NO in mitochondrial ion homeostasis in teleost brain.

Keywords

Immersion-Stress, Nitric Oxide, Sodium Nitroprusside, Ca²⁺-ATPase, H⁺-ATPase, Mg²⁺-ATPase

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Nitric Oxide Modifies Hepatic and Cardiac Proton Gradient during Immersion-Stress in the Air- Breathing Fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch): Role of H⁺-ATPase and H⁺/K⁺-ATPase

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Authors

R. Gayathry ¹, Valsa S. Peter ², M. C. Subhash Peter ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology, School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram - 695581, Kerala, IN
2 Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology, School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram - 695581, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 24, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 43-52

Abstract

Fishes have evolved complex and multi-step physiological mechanisms to drive ion homeostasis in challenging environments. Induction of stress that disturbs ion homeostasis in fishes evokes recovery response for their survival. Nitric Oxide (NO) as gasotransmitter modulates many physiological mechanisms including ion transport in osmoregulatory epithelia in teleosts. However, little is known about the role of NO in the transport of H⁺ ions that creates proton gradient with the help of H⁺-dependent ATPases like H⁺-ATPase and H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, particularly in hepatic and cardiac tissues of bony fish. We, thus, quantified H⁺-ATPase and H⁺/K⁺-ATPase in these tissues after in vivo treatments of NO donor, Sodium Nitro-Prusside (SNP) or NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, in both non-stressed and immersion-stressed air-breathing fish, Anabas testudineus Bloch. We found that elevated NO availability by SNP treatment lowered H⁺-ATPase-driven H⁺ transport in both hepatic and cardiac tissues of immersion-stressed fish. In contrast, NO depletion by L-NAME treatment elevated H⁺-ATPase activity in these tissues of stressed fish, pointing to a direct role of H⁺-ATPase in NO-mediated proton gradient regulation during stress condition. H⁺/K⁺-ATPase that drives H⁺ transport against K⁺ reduced its activity in cardiac tissue by SNP and L-NAME treatments. But L-NAME treatment in stressed fish imposed a higher H⁺ transport in cardiac tissue of these fish. Overall, the data indicate that NO has a vital role in the regulation of H⁺-ATPase-driven proton gradient in both cardiac and hepatic tissues of immersion-stressed fish.

Keywords

Air-Breathing Fish, Immersion-Stress, Nitric Oxide, Sodium Nitroprusside, H⁺-ATPase, H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, L-NAME

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Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction

Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction

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Gayathry, R.

Nitric Oxide Drives Mitochondrial Energetics in Heart and Liver Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Stressed Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch)

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In Vivo Action of Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) on Mitochondrial Ion Transporter Function in Brain Segments of Immersion-Stressed Air-Breathing Fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch)

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Nitric Oxide Modifies Hepatic and Cardiac Proton Gradient during Immersion-Stress in the Air- Breathing Fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch): Role of H+-ATPase and H+/K+-ATPase

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Nitric Oxide Modifies Hepatic and Cardiac Proton Gradient during Immersion-Stress in the Air- Breathing Fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch): Role of H⁺-ATPase and H⁺/K⁺-ATPase