Journal of the Association of Engineers, India

Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ¹, Aryyama Kumar Jana ¹, Pramatosh Ray ¹, Goutam Debnath ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata- 700032, IN

Abstract

There has been enormous increment in the vehicle density on the roads over the past few years. The density is increasing exponentially day by day. Consequently, the problems of traffic congestion and traffic jams have increased manifolds. The proposed remedy to this traffic problem is to develop an automated traffic control system based on the measurement of real time traffic density on the road. The proposition is to control the flow of traffic by estimating the approximate traffic density on each of the road in a four road crossing and exploit the retrieved traffic density information to control the traffic signal smartly. This paper presents a technique to estimate the density of vehicles on the road using a self reliant integrated system consisting of IR transmitter receiver pair and inductive loop. The estimated vehicle density of one of the roads is compared with the other and the respective traffic signals are controlled intelligently based on this comparison.

Keywords

Integrated System, Infra Red Sensor, Inductive Loop, Traffic Light.

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Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ¹, Sudip Simlandi ², Sudeepta Mondal ², Suvabrata Panja ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, IN

Abstract

Recently, applications of fuel cell have increased sharply and are expected to take up a important part of power generation. Polymer Electrolytic Membrane (PEM) fuel cells are the most emerging fuel cells in this family. Proton Exchange Membrane or Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells have certain advantages like low operation temperature, simplicity, easy maintenance, etc. This paper includes a study dealing with the mathematical modelling of a PEM fuel cell including an idea of the various losses involved in the cell, like the activation, concentration and ohmic losses. The performance characteristics of a typical PEM fuel cell has been shown under static load regimen. The variation of the stack voltage and the losses involved with respect to current density of the cell-stack has been explained graphically. The exergy analysis gives us an idea of the maximum work that could have been obtained and qualitative estimate of the irreversibilities involved in it. The entropy analysis provides us the quantitative values of the irreversibilities, thus providing a fuel cell design based on the maximum possible performance.

Keywords

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell, Mathematical Model, Polarisation Loss, Activation Loss, Energy, Exergy Analysis, Entropy Analysis.

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Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ¹, Saswati Mazumdar ¹

Affiliations
1 Electrical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata- 700032, IN

Abstract

The primary function of road lighting is to keep the safety of the people. The road lights should provide good visibility condition and reduce potential hazards of accidents. Again the road lights glow from dusk to dawn through out the year consuming remarkable amount of energy. Thus this study on road lighting was done to make it more visually acceptable and energy efficient one. The standardization of Road Lighting has also been revisited here. Few quick fix recommendations are mentioned here for betterment of road lighting, maintaining energy saving aspect in metro cities like Kolkata.

Keywords

Road Lighting Standards, Mesopic Photometry, Energy Efficiency, Time Scheduling, Low Wattage Lamp, Roadway Classification.

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Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ¹, Saswati Mazumdar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Illumination Engineering, Science and Design, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IN

Abstract

To comfort today's severe energy crisis the demand-side management is the only solution today. The demand-side management actually means the most efficient application of electrical loads. This is the drive-force to haunt for energy efficient electrical loads, and to search for an energy efficient light source, idea of using a semi-conductor device as a light source named Light Emitting Diodes (LED) was originated. The acceptability of white LEDs for general purpose illumination increases with the introduction of high brightness white LEDs having better lumen output. This paper describes the techniques which have been adopted to increase the lumen output from a LED. The photometric measurement issues are still very crucial in case of LEDs because of lack of standardizations. This paper also discusses the applications point of view of LEDs, its lumen maintenance, life span and finally the scopes of further research & development of it.

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Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ¹, Saswati Mazumdar ²

Affiliations
1 Electrical Engineering, Illumination Engineering Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IN
2 Illumination Engineering Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IN

Abstract

All the approaches of lighting are being computerized in this computer's era. The global feature of lighting field and its application are suddenly being changed for rapidly advanced developments in computer technology. The widespread wing of lighting field starting from source development, light tracing algorithms developments, luminaire profile designing to complete sofware based lighting system simulation is related to the computer technology and its applications.

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