International Journal of Plant Sciences

Vandana Tyagi ¹, Veena Gupta ², S. P. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Germplasm Exchange Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, IN
2 Division of Germplasm Conservation, NBPGR, Pusa, New Delhi, IN
3 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Augmentation of new genetic resources either through indigenous collections or by importing from other countries is an important activity of any crop improvement programme. Indian history had witnessed the invasion of many world communities like British, French, Portuguese, Dutch, Arabians, Muslims etc with whom a diverse genetic base of many crop plants were also introduced in the country's flora. Many of these species have been adapted well and naturalized in Indian climate and are being used in various facets of life. The pharmaceutical industry is also backed by many such plants. Of the forty major commercial medicinal plants utilized by the Indian pharmaceutical companies, about 27 per cent have originated in other countries. The percentage is still higher in case of commercial aromatic plants viz., 52 per cent of the total aromatic component. The gradual increase in the utilization of exotic plants by the pharma-aroma-companies is because many plants have been introduced into cultivation and are now a part of regular agriculture system. The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi under ICAR is instrumental in providing this genetic variability of medicinal plants at both fronts. The import of plant genetic resources into India is governed by Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import Into India) Order, 2003. Access to genetic resources of Indian origin by foreign nationals is governed by Biological Diversity Act, 2002 of Government of India based on the principle of 'Sovereign rights of Nations' as promulgated under the legally binding Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992. The Convention provides for appropriate access to genetic resources and transfer of relevant technologies on mutually agreed terms, subject to prior informed consent.

Keywords

Access, BDA, Import, Medicinal Plants, NBPGR

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Lal Bahadur Gaur ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, K. Srivastava ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., IN

Abstract

A comparison of the effect of gamma-rays ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and their combination for induced mutagenesis in two chilli varieties Kashi Anmol (KA-2) and VR-338 (Kashi Gaurav). 1000 chilli seeds each were irradiated with 10,15, 20, and 25 kR doses of gamma-rays treated, with 0.02, 0.03 0.04 and 0.05 M concentration of ethyl methane sulfonate and another 1000 seeds used for combination treatments were treated with all doses of gamma-rays followed by 0.03M EMS. The M1 generation was raised in protected nursery at Horticulture Research Farm, BHU, Varanasi during July 2011. Chlorophyll mutations were used to evaluate the mutagenic effeciency of various mutagens. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutants Albino, Chlorina, Viridis Xantha and Dark Xantha were most frequently observed in M₂ generation. Gamma rays induced higher proportions of chlorophyll mutants than EMS and their combination. However, frequencies of viable chlorophyll mutants were observed in higher EMS and gamma-rays treatments than with their combination. Treatment with 15 kR gamma-rays was more effective in inducing chlorophyll mutations with highest frequency. Mutagenic effect generally increased with increasing dose of and gamma-rays EMS and their combination.

Keywords

Capsicum Annuum, Induced Mutation, Ems, Gamma-rays, Chlorophyll

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Mukund Kumar ¹, S. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Centre of Advance Faculty Training in Plant Physiology, N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, IN
2 Department of Crop Physiology, N.d. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted for two winter seasons during 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Student Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad using 15 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (Halna, Raj 3765, NW 1014, PBW 343, HD 2643, HP 1744, NW 2036, DBW 14, NW 1076, Sonalika, HD 2285, HD 2307, K 8962, UP 2425, and HP 1633) and three sowing dates 10^th December (NS), 25^th December (LS₁) and 10^th January (LS₂) to assess the relative efficiency of different selection parameters. There was significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase and calatase in the late and very late planting at all stages, however, α-amylase content activity decreased under late and very late planting compared to normal planting.

Keywords

SOD, Peroxidase, Calatase And α-amylase, Wheat

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