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Balchand, A. N.
- WAM Validation Studies in the North Indian Ocean using NCMRWF Analyzed Wind Fields
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Thrikkakara, Cochin-682 021, IN
2 DHI-NTU Research Centre, DHI Water and Environment, 200, Pandan Loop, Pantech-21, Singapore-128388, SG
3 Centre for Advanced Training in Earth System Sciences and Climate (CAT-ESSC), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411008, IN
4 Department of Marine Science, Berhampur University, Berhampur-7, IN
5 Department of Physical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), Kochi-682 016, IN
1 Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Thrikkakara, Cochin-682 021, IN
2 DHI-NTU Research Centre, DHI Water and Environment, 200, Pandan Loop, Pantech-21, Singapore-128388, SG
3 Centre for Advanced Training in Earth System Sciences and Climate (CAT-ESSC), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411008, IN
4 Department of Marine Science, Berhampur University, Berhampur-7, IN
5 Department of Physical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), Kochi-682 016, IN
Source
International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, Vol 7, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 9-31Abstract
With the launch of Oceansat-I (IRS-P4), it became a reality to carry out validations of third generation wave model 3g-WAM in the North Indian Ocean region using the IRS-P4 analyzed wind fields provided by the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), New Delhi, India. However, the model predicted wave fields were to be still analyzed and further validated using all available field measurements which was the primary task before the scientific community. This study, describes the wave model validation studies carried out at Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Cochin, India through a collaborative research programme between NPOL and Space Application Centre (SAC), as part of the IRS-P4, MSMR Utilization Programme. Under this collaborative programme, 3g-WAM wave hindcasts were carried out for the Indian Ocean from 30°E to 120°E and 30°S to 30°N using the analyzed winds of NCMRWF and appropriate open sea boundary inputs. WAM was executed using six hourly input fields over 1.5°x1.5° grid resolution. The outputs of the model such as wave height, peak wave period, mean wave period and mean wave directions were compared with the time-series buoy measurements of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai, India and other available measurements. Comparisons between the predicted and observed wave parameters were very encouraging. However, the model predictions of significant wave height were overestimated during the extreme wind and wave conditions. By and large, the WAM predictions were quite reliable for the south-west monsoon (May-September) periods in spite of the limitations. These validation studies have revealed that, the performance of WAM was satisfactory and the hindcast wave fields of WAM for the North Indian Ocean can be utilized for various user applications in the deep waters over 30 meters.Keywords
OCEANSAT I, WAM, IRS-P4 Analyzed Winds, Wave Model Validation.
References
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- Panigrahi, J. K., Tripathy, J. K., and Umesh, P. A., 2008, “Optimum tracking of ship routes in 3g-WAM simulated rough weather using IRSP4 (MSMR) analysed wind fields,” J. Indian Soc. Rem. Sen., 36, pp. 149-158.
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- Panigrahi, J. K., et al., 2001, “Analysis of 3g-WAM simulations for the India Ocean using IRS-P4 analysed wind fields during July-August 1999,” In Proc. of the Indian Soc. for Remote Sensing, SAC, Ahmedabad, INDIA.
- Swain, J., Panigrahi, J. K., and Prasada, Rao, C. V. K., 2001, “Validation of 3g-WAM hindcast wave fields using IRS-P4 data,” In Proc. of the International Conference in Ocean Engineering, IITM, Chennai, India, pp. 115-123.
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- Swain, J., et al., 2003a, “Performance of 3g-WAM using IRS-P4 winds for its operational implementation in the Indian Ocean,” In Proc. of the Symposium on Microwave Remote Sensing Applications, 21-23 January 2003, IITB, Mumbai, India (Mumbai, India: CSRE).
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- Observed Thermal Inversions and Associated Oceanographic Features in the Coastal Waters off North East Coast of India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Thrikkakara, Cochin-682 021, IN
2 DHI-NTU Research Centre, DHI Water and Environment, 200, Pandan Loop, Pantech-21, Singapore 128388, SG
3 Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), Kochi-682 016, IN
1 Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Thrikkakara, Cochin-682 021, IN
2 DHI-NTU Research Centre, DHI Water and Environment, 200, Pandan Loop, Pantech-21, Singapore 128388, SG
3 Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), Kochi-682 016, IN
Source
International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, Vol 7, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 33-46Abstract
During one of the ongoing scientific missions in December 2000 off Paradeep, north-east coast of India various oceanographic and meteorological observations were made from a time-series location beside the selected spatial locations. The measurements off Paradeep revealed that the tidal effect was very prominent in the coastal region with significant changes in the flow pattern, variations in temperature, salinity and sound speed both in space and time. One of the most important features observed during the experiment was the temperature inversion of 1.5 to 4°C which was consistently present throughout the time-series as well as spatial observations. Generally, such inversions are not observed in other parts of the World Oceans. Measured currents clearly indicated the tidal reversals and spatial variations in the flow pattern. The salinity gradually increased from the coast to deep waters (i.e. about 22 PSU to 32 PSU) within a distance of 60 miles. Winds were low varying between 2 to 5 m/s and the predominant wind direction during the observation period was north-east. The sea-state generally remained calm with wave height varying between 0.2 and 0.6m (fair weather season). Tidal influence up to a depth of 50m appeared to be very prominent with its semidiurnal reversal both in magnitude as well as direction. Current speed varied between 0.1 m/s to 0.6 m/s and the predominant direction near to coast was south-west. The inversion layer moved from the surface towards deeper waters during the time-series observations. This might be due to the changes in tidal circulation pattern during the lunar cycle. The measurements during this scientific mission also suggested a salinity front in the upper layers which was extending from the coast up to 40 km offshore.Keywords
Thermal Inversion, Tidal Reversal, Nearshore Hydrodynamics, Measurements off Paradeep, Observations North-east Coast of India.References
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