The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Extra Virgin Olive Oil - A Biochemical Analysis of Health Benefits (Including a brief comparison with Coconut Oil)


Affiliations
1 Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Biochemistry, Patna, 800 001, India
2 Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Biochemistry, Delhi, 110 002, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Since time immemorial, Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) has been an integral part of the Mediterranean diet and it’s not a mere coincidence that the Mediterranean population is considered to be among the healthiest, across the globe. Rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and various polyphenols, this miraculous oil is bestowed with potent anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, anti atherogenic and a host of other beneficial bioactive properties, which make it the health booster. From coronary heart diseases to cancer and diabetes, this oil helps in the prevention as well as management of almost all the major ills plaguing the contemporary world. In the last few decades, India, with its gargantuan population, has been at the receiving end of these not so conspicuous pandemics. While our modest healthcare sector struggles keep pace with the exponential rise in the afflicted populace, increased incidence of these disorders has further worsened the financial crunch experienced by the expanding middle class. In the present scenario, the age old cliché – Prevention is better than cure, seems truer than ever. Oils that have traditionally been used in India, for instance coconut oil, have failed to curb the incessant rise in the incidence of health disorders and it’s time to look beyond our borders. Extra virgin olive oil seems quite an attractive, alternative and would definitely work wonders if incorporated into the staple Indian diet.

Keywords

Virgin Olive Oil, Mediterranean Diet, Bioactive Properties, Polyphenols, Coconut Oil, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids.
User
Notifications

  • https://caviarstar.com/blogexplain-the-difference-between-pure-olive-oil-and-extra-virgin-olive-oil/

  • Francesco Natali, Luisa Siculella, Serafina Salvati and Gabriele V. Gnoni1. Oleic acid is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid and cholesterol syntheses in C6 glioma cells. J. Lipid Res., 2007, 48, 1966-1975. https://www.jlr.org/content/early/2007/06/13/jlr.M700051-JLR200.full.pdf

  • Rumsey, S.C., Galeano, N.F., Lipschitz, B. and Deckelbaum, R.J. Oleate and other long chain fatty acids stimulate low density lipoprotein receptor activity by enhancing acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyl transferase activity and altering intracellular regulatory cholesterol pools in cultured cells. J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270, 10008-10016. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.17.10008.

  • Baer, D.J., Judd, J.T., Clevidence, B.A. and Tracy, R.P. Dietary fatty acids affect plasma markers of inflammation in healthy men fed controlled diets: a randomized crossover study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 79, 969-973.

  • Won, S.R., Hong, M.J., Kim, Y.M., Li, C.Y., Kim, J.W. and Rhee, H.I. Oleic acid: an efficient inhibitor of glucosyl transferase. FEBS. Lett. 2007, 581, 4999-5002. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.09.045. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17910959/

  • Victor Preedy Ronald Watson. Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention, Academic Press, 2010.

  • Segura-Carretero, A. and Curiel, J.A. Current disease-targets for oleocanthal as promising natural therapeutic agent. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2018, 19, 2899. doi: 10.3390/ijms19102899. PMID: 30250008; PMCID: PMC6213726.

  • Pang, K.L. and Chin, K.Y. The biological activities of oleocanthal from a molecular perspective. Nutr., 2018, 10, 570. doi: 10.3390/nu10050570. PMID: 29734791; PMCID: PMC5986450.

  • Lucas, G.N.C., Leitão, A.C.C., Alencar, R.L., Xavier, R.M.F., Daher, E.F. and Silva Junior G.B.D. Pathophysiological aspects of nephropathy caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J. Bras. Nefrol., 2019, 41, 124-130. doi: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2018-0107. Epub 2018 Sep 21. PMID: 30281062; PMCID: PMC6534025.

  • Tsimidou, M. and Boskou, D. In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), 2003.

  • Sun, W., Frost, B. and Liu, J. Oleuropein, unexpected benefits! Oncotarget., 2017, 8, 17409. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.15538. PMID: 28407695; PMCID: PMC5392257.

  • https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.114.008729#:~:text=Ischemic%20heart%20disease%20and%20stroke,235%20per%20100%20000%20population.

  • Arpita Bas, U., Sridevi Devaraj and Ishwarlal Jilal. Dietary factors that promote or retard inflammation. AHA J., 2006, 26, 995-1001.

  • Mediterranean diet helps cut risk of heart attack, stroke: Results of PREDIMED study presented in https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130225181536.htm

  • Gaforio, J.J., Visioli, F., Alarcón-de-la-Lastra, C., Castañer, O., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., Fitó, M., Hernández, A.F., Huertas, J.R., Martínez-González, M.A., Menendez, J.A., Osada, J., Papadaki, A., Parrón, T., Pereira, J.E., Rosillo, M.A., Sánchez-Quesada, C., Schwingshackl, L., Toledo, E. and Tsatsakis, A.M. Virgin olive oil and health: summary of the III internationalconference on virgin olive oil and health consensus report, JAEN (Spain) 2018. Nutr., 2019, 11, 2039. doi: 10.3390/nu11092039. PMID: 31480506; PMCID: PMC6770785.

  • Gupta, R., Gaur, K. and Ram, C.V. Emerging trends in hypertension epidemiology in India. J. Hum. Hypertens., 2019, 33, 575-587. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-018-0117-3

  • Perona, J.S., Cañizares, J., Montero, E., Sánchez-Domínguez, J.M., Catalá, A. and Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V. Virgin olive oil reduces blood pressure in hypertensive elderly subjects. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 23, 1113-1121. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2004.02.004

  • https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/renal-hypertension.html

  • Coussens, L.M. and Werb, Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature, 2002, 420, 860-867. doi: 10.1038/nature01322. PMID: 12490959; PMCID: PMC2803035

  • Victor, W.R., David, A.B., Kathleen, M.B., Peter, J.K. and Anthony, P.W. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Edition, 2015.

  • Goldsmith, C.D., Bond, D.R., Jankowski, H., Weidenhofer, J., Stathopoulos, C. E., Roach, P.D. and Scarlett, C.J. The olive biophenols oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol selectively reduce proliferation, influence the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2018, 19, 1937. Published 2018 Jul 2. doi:10.3390/ijms19071937

  • Chin, K.Y. and Pang, K.L. Therapeutic effects of olive and its derivatives on osteoarthritis: from bench to bedside. Nutri., 2017, 9, 1060. doi: 10.3390/nu9101060. PMID: 28954409; PMCID: PMC5691677.

  • Berger, A. What are leukotrienes and how do they work in asthma? BMJ., 1999, 319, 90. doi: 10.1136/bmj.319.7202.90. PMID: 10398630; PMCID: PMC1116241.

  • MasudParvez, G.M. and Khokon Miah Akanda, in Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases (Second Edition), 2019

  • Akhlaq A. Farooqui. and Tahira Farooqui, In Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 2018.

  • Chin, K.Y. and Ima-Nirwana, S. Olives and bone: A green osteoporosis prevention option. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., 2016, 13, 755. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13080755. PMID: 27472350; PMCID: PMC4997441.

  • Ji, M.X. and Yu, Q. Primary osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Chronic Dis. Transl. Med., 2015, 1, 9-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2015.02.006. PMID: 29062981; PMCID: PMC5643776.

  • Barrett-Connor, E. Menopause, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2013, 13, 186-191. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.01.005. Epub 2013 Jan 23. PMID: 23352690; PMCID: PMC3646078.

  • Batarseh, Y.S. and Kaddoumi, A. Oleocanthal-rich extra-virgin olive oil enhances done pezil effect by reducing amyloid-β load and related toxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2018, 55, 113-123. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.12.006

  • Román, G.C., Jackson, R.E., Reis, J., Román, A.N., Toledo, J.B. and Toledo, E. Extra-virgin olive oil for potential prevention of alzheimer disease. Rev. Neurol. (Paris)., 2019, 175, 705-723. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2019.07.017

  • Moideenkutty, C.H. (Cholasseri) “Marketing problems of coconut industry in Kerala a study with focus on the role of coconut development board”, Department of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Calicut, 2005

  • Boateng, L., Ansong, R., Owusu, W.B. and Steiner-Asiedu, M. Coconut oil and palm oil’s role in nutrition, health and national development: A review. Ghana Med. J., 2016, 50, 189-196.

  • Siri-Tarino, P.W., Sun, Q., Hu, F.B. and Krauss, R.M. Saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: modulation by replacement nutrients. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep., 2010, 12, 384-390. doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0131-6

  • Maria Luz Fernandez, Kristy L. West. Mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids modulate plasma lipids. J. Nutr., 2005, 135, 2075-2078, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.9.2075

  • https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/fats/saturated-fats

  • Menotti, A. and Puddu, P.E. How the seven countries study contributed to the definition and development of the Mediterranean diet concept: a 50-year journey. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2015, 25, 245-252. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.12.001

  • https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/unexpected-side-effects-of-coconut-oil/

  • Srivastava, S., Singh, M., George, J., Bhui, K., Murari Saxena, A. and Shukla, Y. Genotoxic and carcinogenic risks associated with the dietary consumption of repeatedly heated coconut oil. Br. J. Nutr., 2010, 104, 1343-1352. doi:10.1017/S0007114510002229

  • “Smoke Point of Oils” Baseline of Health. Jonbarron.org. 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2019-12-26.


Abstract Views: 276

PDF Views: 0




  • Extra Virgin Olive Oil - A Biochemical Analysis of Health Benefits (Including a brief comparison with Coconut Oil)

Abstract Views: 276  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Apoorv Raghav
Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Biochemistry, Patna, 800 001, India
Maheswari Kulandhasamy
Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Biochemistry, Delhi, 110 002, India

Abstract


Since time immemorial, Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) has been an integral part of the Mediterranean diet and it’s not a mere coincidence that the Mediterranean population is considered to be among the healthiest, across the globe. Rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and various polyphenols, this miraculous oil is bestowed with potent anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, anti atherogenic and a host of other beneficial bioactive properties, which make it the health booster. From coronary heart diseases to cancer and diabetes, this oil helps in the prevention as well as management of almost all the major ills plaguing the contemporary world. In the last few decades, India, with its gargantuan population, has been at the receiving end of these not so conspicuous pandemics. While our modest healthcare sector struggles keep pace with the exponential rise in the afflicted populace, increased incidence of these disorders has further worsened the financial crunch experienced by the expanding middle class. In the present scenario, the age old cliché – Prevention is better than cure, seems truer than ever. Oils that have traditionally been used in India, for instance coconut oil, have failed to curb the incessant rise in the incidence of health disorders and it’s time to look beyond our borders. Extra virgin olive oil seems quite an attractive, alternative and would definitely work wonders if incorporated into the staple Indian diet.

Keywords


Virgin Olive Oil, Mediterranean Diet, Bioactive Properties, Polyphenols, Coconut Oil, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2021.58.1.25561